The Crime Scene Of A Homicide Investigation - 903 Words

Introduction: In a homicide investigation, one must take several steps to prepare. The first of which is to make oneself familiar with all of the processes that will be involved. This includes not only police and investigative work but also the processes that the body will be going through. The most important part of investigating a crime is that the officers and detectives know and understand the entire process. Familiarizing Oneself to Death Investigation Process As a detective on her first homicide case, Detective Scales would familiarize herself with the process completely before taking a single step inside the crime scene. The most important part of keeping a crime scene controlled and evidence accurate is all parties involved being aware and knowledgable of the processes and regulations. It is one thing to learn what they teach through the academy and schooling, and another to do research on one’s own to have complete understanding. Adcock and Chancellor state in Death Investigations that the first part of an investigation is determine cause and manner of death (p.1-2). The cause of death is determined by a coroner or other official, while manner of death is determined by the circumstances of the crime. Manner of death would be declaring a death a homicide. Then, after this has been done, homicide detectives such as Detective Scales would be called in. The body will have investig ative processes done to it and the scene as well before being sent to the morgue.Show MoreRelatedEthical Considerations in the Legal Prosecution of Robbery and Murder Cases926 Words   |  4 Pagesessay, the author will consider the various ethical considerations and problems that will need to be addressed in the legal prosecution of a robbery and a murder case. This will include dealing with the ethical problems involved in the investigation of the crimes as well as prosecution problems that arise when the case is presented for trial if the investigator was unethical. Finally, we will examine the ethical issues that are directly related to the prosecutor in these cases. Analysis-GeneralRead More Process of Solving a Homicide Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesSolving A Homicide Solving a crime is difficult for detectives. Homicides are even harder cases to solve, the only person that can really tell what happened is dead. So many people are afraid to step up as witnesses, they fear their life would be in jeopardy for helping the detectives. For homicide detectives, the first forty-eight hours is the most critical part for solving a case. After that, the probability of solving the case reduces by fifty percent. Each passing hour gives suspects moreRead MoreUnit9 Finalproject Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesaddressed when investigating Homicide and rape. A few of these ethical considerations are shared between the two such as the investigators mind state. This plays an important role in the preparations required for a successful prosecution. The investigator must be open-minded to any and all possibilities and be un-bias. The investigator must also know how to conduct all the elements of an investigation in the proper manner from a professional and legal aspect. Although homicide and robbery share a lotRead MoreHomicide1302 Words   |  6 PagesHomicide Homicide Forensic science plays a huge part in our criminal justice system today. But where did it get its start? What procedures are utilized today to help investigators solve our everyday mysteries when it comes to crimes? In addition, what forensic aspects in the video â€Å"Welcome to Homicide† were used to finally get a confession of murder? This paper will discuss these topics and elaborate on some of the key evidence that was used to close this particular case. First, let’sRead MoreReconstructing the Past Essays1155 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Sever Criminal Investigation Unit 2: Reconstructing the Past As we are covering unit two within our discussion and seminar. As the assignment was presented to us. We have to discuss the methods of inquiry and how they are used in criminal investigations, then the steps to reconstruct a case and how we illustrate the concepts through a hearsay case, then understanding the fundamentals are identified witness, offenders, connecting evidence from the scene. A method of inquiry mustRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1696 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to television, movies, and the media. This is due to crime and punishing crime being romanticized and the population becoming more desensitized. Some of the most appealing shows to the American people are the ones that include criminal investigations. However, the crime television shows that people view on a daily basis is extremely different from the actual Criminal Justice system, especially homicide investigations. Homicide investigations are immensely complex and tedious. They require teamsRead MoreThe Process Of Solving Crime1113 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Solve Crime I. Do you believe in Justice? II. Today we will be talking about the process of solving crime III. Because I am in college to study Criminal Justice with the intentions of pursuing a career in Forensic and Criminal Investigations, I feel confident in telling you about what I have learned so far dealing with Crimes and how to solve them. IV. In order to explain the process of investigating and solving a crime, we will look at the differentRead MoreThe Process Of Solving Crime1109 Words   |  5 Pagesof solving crime III. Because I am in college to study Criminal Justice with the intentions of pursuing a career in Forensic and Criminal Investigations, I feel confident in telling you about what I have learned so far dealing with Crimes and how to solve them. IV. In order to explain the process of investigating and solving a crime, we will look at the different types of crime, The different types of departments assisting the crime, the methods of solving the crime, The outcomeRead MoreCrime Scene Investigation Essays1192 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Crime Scene Investigation (first draft) If a murder, a homicide and or a suicide occur, the crime scene investigator(s) collects the clues and evidence that will be analyzed by the forensic scientist(s) which can lead them to their suspect(s). The purpose of a Crime Scene Investigation is to help victims find justice. When a crime has been reported, the responding officer and/or detective have to note the dispatch information such as address/location, time, date, typeRead MoreWhat is the importance of Criminal Profiling?1311 Words   |  4 PagesProfiling? By Tiffany Collier Criminal Profiling is a great way to try to understand the suspect as a person. It is necessary to learn who the individual is in order to track and locate them. The person’s information is vital to an investigation. Things such as habits, history of violence, family, education, schedules/routines, and personality traits just to name a few. This new development of investigating is helpful in obtaining fugitives quicker. Law enforcement is trying to be more

Othello, By William Shakespeare Essay - 2053 Words

A Tragic Ending as a Result of Aggression What dictates whether someone is evil or not? According to Merriam Webster, evil is defined as â€Å"morally reprehensible†. This definition of evil is very loose, thus has much room for interpretation. In Shakespeare’s play, Othello, many people may believe that Iago is comparable to evil. After exposing a relationship to a woman’s father, manipulating Othello, falsifying rumors of Desdemona’s infidelity to Othello, and killing a man people assume that Iago is evil. However, Iago’s actions aligned closely to Dollard and colleagues’ frustration-aggression hypothesis. Thus, Iago’s reactions to frustration are best defined as common human reactions, as opposed to evil. In order to analyze Iago’s behavior and discover the root of his aggression, not evil, the frustration-aggression hypothesis is most useful. As opposed to the argument of Iago being evil, his character acts comparable to the frustration-aggression hypothes is, Iago becomes frustrated due to lack of power, which leads to aggression towards people who frustrate him and those associated, such as Desdemona, Cassio, and Othello. Iago’s action’s towards other can be classified according to the frustration-aggression hypothesis which studies how individuals respond to external stimulus of frustration with aggression. Originally proposed by Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mower and sears in 1939, the frustration-aggression hypothesis explores what provokes human aggressionShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pa ges William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Aqualisa Quartz History free essay sample

Aqualisa who throughout the history in the U. K. held recognition for having top quality showers, a premium brand, and great service, feeling the market had yet to experiment any major innovations conducted a market research and developed the Quartz. In 2001 launched the Quartz shower; an innovative product that gathered all the characteristics the costumers felt were missing or deficient in the shower industry all at once. This shower provided improvements from water pressure, installation, temperature, maintenance, to use and design.During the field trials conducted lead by company’s employees, friends of friends and sales reps, the Quartz experienced great acceptance indicating a success in the confection of the product as well as positive reviews that featured on the cover of several journals, however despite its worthy features the sales were very deficient and far from the company’s expectations. Early sales results were no more than 81 units during a 4 month period. Their main marketing deficiencies were: Customers weren’t informed of the new product, sales representatives could not pursue a strong approach without affecting negatively the other products they offered and plumbers were very reluctant towards embracing new electrical technology. Also, Aqualisa who had a net income of about 17 million could not invest in a large consumer campaign which could cost from 17% to 23% its total revenue. Aqualisa’s market share ranked it number two in mixing valves and number three in the U. K. shower market the company.Also their market presence was very strong since it had leading products in all there pricing segments: premium (price range 230? to 1080? ), standard (price range 445? to 715? ), and value (price range 390? to 480? ). Allowing them to enjoy a 25% net return. Their range of products consisted of 9 showers distributed according to segment by trade shops, distribution, showrooms and DIY sells. The company used different brands to cover the market such as Showermax which tended to developers and offered the Aquavaulve redesigned and optimized to fit developer’s specific needs.Nonetheless the company had some weaknesses as well, other companies were competing in product quality, the market perceived Aqualisa as overpriced, their service had slipped over the past few years and 10% of their showers were presenting malfunction. Aqualisa’s sales force was oriented to spend 90% of their time maintaining existing accounts, however once the customer had purchased the product the follow up work was mostly maintenance, which the company did not provide and was instead done at the costumer’s expense through a plumber. But since the demand for plumbers was so high it would sometimes take more than 6 months to get a response. The remaining 10% was oriented towards developing new customers. A very limited amount of time for a new product that completely redesigned the shower as customers knew it, more time should have been invested in educating the customer and creating a sense of awareness and perception. Also with the new development came growth, a top notch team was built, engineers, research and development, sales director, marketing director, and a market research.However the sales team remained the same, despite the company’s addition of two new leading products. A 20 person team that had the responsibility to sell to trade rooms, showrooms, plumbers and developers. A strong sales team was needed to break from the stigma of the traditional shower and show the U. K. the revolution, to do this a greater number of people was needed. Aqualisa targeted loyal plumbers to explain and introduce the new product but this had very little success, since the plumbers had no expertise on the Quartz functionality or performance in the long run.Worried about future cost and follow up very few made the change. Plumbers influence over the markets shower selection was approximately 73%, they were responsible for direct installation of 54% of the showers installed and they had direct contact with value and standard customers. The salesmen were afraid to pursue a strong pitch fearing it would have a negative impact on their other products, since to sell the Quartz they’d have to list the deficiencies of their other product, to enhance the importance of the Quartz.This decision leads back to management the company then must have made a decision towards which product would be their star, the one who will allow the entrance to new markets, the one with th e highest margin, although it may replace their old models, there’s only so much market that one product can occupy and bring revenue. Although 32. 5% of showers were sold at Do-It-Yourself Sheds, 42% in trade shops and the rest in showrooms and electrical wholesalers, these were mostly value and standard segments where the margin went from 105? to 225?.Whereas the margin of the products sold at showrooms went from 60? to 345?. Rawlinson was debating marketing options to enhance company sales, these three options were: targeting consumers directly, targeting Do-it-yourselves, or targeting developers. As previously stated the problem with targeting consumers directly is that the cost it’s too high, as its too high risk to invest a 23% of revenue in large scale campaign, it’s been stated that customers know very little about the products they buy, and are mainly influenced by the plumbers.Targeting Do-it-yourselves could be an option considering the ease in the installation process, however it could damage company image because the customers would associate the premium brand with your discount channel. Targeting developers could equal to a strong presence in a large-volume channel. However developers are reluctant to spend money on what they believe were premium brands, regardless of the discount they received. After analyzing the case we have potential options that could help aid Aqualisa’s problem.Currently Aqualisa brand is present in only 500 showrooms out of 2000, showroom give brands the opportunity to present their product thoroughly, these people and are usually looking for something that’s attractive and easy to use. A stronger presence in showrooms is needed, incentivizing interaction between the consumer and the product, promote the technical innovation emphasize that the installation has been reduced to half a day, that no follow up was needed. Investing in strong consumer awareness campaign although the cost may seem be a bit high, the product will be surely to return this investment once alertness in created.Acknowledging that the Quartz isn’t a replacement for the Aqualisa but rather something different, with product enhance ments to make it easier and more approachable by the customer could help with the costumer image. Also according to the margin chart, the product has very high margins that can withstand any major invested in advertising if it’s probable it would increase the sales. Instead of focusing on just developers, I would turn all efforts onto the resort industry, where luxury and cutting edge technology is expected and price is not a primary factor.The marketing strategy would show primary efforts towards conquering the plumbers and considering that they amount of plumbers is only approximately 10,000 in the U. K. by reaching at least 25% of this total could translate into a major increase in sales, the Quartz should be primarily present in specialized retail stores, and trade shops which is where plumbers usually stock up. Since the trade shops usually just stock up on whatever the demand is for, creating that demand is crucial. Also in these trade shops trained personnel should be present to educate the customer on the new product since they don’t have the capability f managing the technical details of every product they offer. This would create much needed consumer awareness at a particularly low cost, and trigger a need to try it. If the company were to offer a free product to at least 20% of the plumbers the cost of 2000 units would be from 350,000? to 460,000?. This would help considerably to decrease the superstition of the electrical shower and by simple word of mouth would reach a big part of the rest of the plumber’s community, in this scenario the plumbers will become sort of our sales representatives.As we believe the importance of the plumbers perception is crucial since they are accountable for 73% of the decision of which shower to purchase. Besides the free product, a warranty for at least a year will be offered on all units sold, this merely would present an insignificant cost for the company since the product needs no follow up work, but it will create a sense of much needed security in plumbers and consumers.The strategy to be used towards plumbers most emphasize that it will no longer take them 2 days to finish a job, it will be done in less than a day, giving them the chance to take on more work and cover the high demand, while receiving more incomes. Work cited: Moon, Y. (2006). Aqualisa quartz: Simply a better shower. Informally published manuscript, Business School, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, .

Reading between the Lines In Search for Fallacies

One of the most topical issues in the sphere of literature, the problem of fallacies will always remain on the agenda. Sometimes it seems that conveying the idea of the story without distorting it or suggesting a slightest deviation from the topic is completely impossible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading between the Lines: In Search for Fallacies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analyzing the text â€Å"Help Those Who Help, Not Hurt, Themselves†, one can notice a number of fallacies to mark. Although the idea of the text is quite clear, certain issues might cause quite an example of a common misunderstanding. A good example of a typical fallacy in the text is the metaphor that links the homeless people to the homeless animals, in the given case, the squirrels in the park. Calling both of them homeless, the author thus allows the following suggestions: the people are homeless; the squirrels are as w ell. Saying that the government gives the homeless financial support, the author of the text thus allows the supposition that the government provides financial support for squirrels as well, which is obviously not true. The example of the fallacy driven above can be classified as a typical formal fallacy that presupposes a conclusion based on false logical considerations. An obviously erroneous train of thoughts, this leads to a conflict within the text, making it somewhat ridiculous and thus hindering the understanding of its purport. Another example of fallacy in the given text is the typical verbal fallacy; to be more precise, it is what must be called a straw man – the peculiar means of distorting the truth. A verbal fallacy, it can possibly lead to certain confusions as well. Assuming that all homeless people are poor, the government considers that they must be assisted in the same way as the poor – namely, by providing them with the financial help that is suffici ent to sustain their life and keep them away from leading a vagrant lifestyle. However, it is obvious that such assumption is not a single inch closer to the truth. The last, but not the least, is the so-called ad populum. As the author of the text emphasizes, the society is completely guilt-ridden, which results in the fact that the society starts feeding beggars. Logically, this can be positioned rather as a false attempt to call for the people’s feeling of compassion instead of really helping people cope with the problem.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is obvious that, trying to solve the issue concerning the beggars in the country, the government is applying to the publics mercy, asking them to help those in need. However, regarding the state of the beggars, one can see clearly that these are the alms given to them only make the situation worse. Getting used t o the charity, these people forget how to earn for a living, which means that they will never be able to return to the society. Thus, it must be admitted that in the given case, there is a misconception commonly known as ad populum taking place. it must be mentioned that fallacies are of considerable impact on the result of the argument. Once using inconsistent arguments, one inevitably loses the argument. Unless the ideas driven for the discussion are well developed and thought-out, the result of the debates will be a failure. Therefore, considering the facts and the circumstances, one has to take special care of the basic facts and evidence available. This essay on Reading between the Lines: In Search for Fallacies was written and submitted by user Dalia O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Christian Forefather Of Our Country

As I relaxed upon the couch a few days ago and began to read the freshly printed pages of Catherin Millard’s The Rewriting of America’s History I began to feel as warm and cozy about our countries past and the role Christianity played in it as the freshly printed paper in my hands. It seems Millard set out to find this â€Å"lost chapter† in American history and reported back with all kinds of evidence that pointed towards the profound role Jesus Christ teachings played in the early stages of this country. Catherin starts off by telling an account of how on one of her more recent tours of Washington D.C she conducts, (showing tourist Christian landmarks and background in the capital) many in the group were in a kind of awe about what she was showing to them. It seemed like these new revelations had gone against everything these people had been previously taught or conceived to be the truth. Millard then states that because of this all too common thought-pattern among Americans citizens she is taking up writing this piece in hopes that readers will rediscover their deeply rooted Christian heritage in this country and throw out the falsehoods and stories they had been taught up to this point. I did find one point particularly interesting Catherine touched upon. She raised the question of why when talking about our early beginnings do when spend so little time (this class being the exception) discussing things pertaining to the founding period of our country. We read about every battle that took place during the Civil war and all the events that led up to and followed it. This, of course, was arguably the biggest event in our young countries history because of the many effects but what about how our country was started though? Yes, we read about the making of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights but do we know as much about the beginning of our nation as we do about Civil War times? Why is that? I guess ma... Free Essays on Christian Forefather Of Our Country Free Essays on Christian Forefather Of Our Country As I relaxed upon the couch a few days ago and began to read the freshly printed pages of Catherin Millard’s The Rewriting of America’s History I began to feel as warm and cozy about our countries past and the role Christianity played in it as the freshly printed paper in my hands. It seems Millard set out to find this â€Å"lost chapter† in American history and reported back with all kinds of evidence that pointed towards the profound role Jesus Christ teachings played in the early stages of this country. Catherin starts off by telling an account of how on one of her more recent tours of Washington D.C she conducts, (showing tourist Christian landmarks and background in the capital) many in the group were in a kind of awe about what she was showing to them. It seemed like these new revelations had gone against everything these people had been previously taught or conceived to be the truth. Millard then states that because of this all too common thought-pattern among Americans citizens she is taking up writing this piece in hopes that readers will rediscover their deeply rooted Christian heritage in this country and throw out the falsehoods and stories they had been taught up to this point. I did find one point particularly interesting Catherine touched upon. She raised the question of why when talking about our early beginnings do when spend so little time (this class being the exception) discussing things pertaining to the founding period of our country. We read about every battle that took place during the Civil war and all the events that led up to and followed it. This, of course, was arguably the biggest event in our young countries history because of the many effects but what about how our country was started though? Yes, we read about the making of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights but do we know as much about the beginning of our nation as we do about Civil War times? Why is that? I guess ma...

GDI Graphics in Visual Basic .NET Tutorial

GDI Graphics in Visual Basic .NET Tutorial GDI is the way to draw shapes, fonts, images or generally anything graphic in Visual Basic .NET. This article is the first part of a complete introduction to using GDI in Visual Basic .NET. GDI is an unusual part of .NET. It was here before .NET (GDI was released with Windows XP) and it doesnt share the same update cycles as the .NET Framework. Microsofts documentation usually states that Microsoft Windows GDI is an API for C/C programmers into the Windows OS. But GDI also includes the namespaces used in VB.NET for software-based graphics programming. WPF But its not the only graphics software provided by Microsoft, especially since Framework 3.0. When Vista and 3.0 were introduced, the totally new WPF was introduced with it. WPF is a high-level, hardware accelerated approach to graphics. As Tim Cahill, Microsoft WPF software team member, puts it, with WPF you describe your scene using high-level constructs, and we’ll worry about the rest. And the fact that its hardware accelerated means that you dont have to drag down the operation of your PC processor drawing shapes on the screen. Much of the real work is done by your graphics card. Weve been here before, however. Every great leap forward is usually accompanied by a few stumbles backward, and besides, it will take years for WPF to work its way through the zillions of bytes of GDI code. Thats especially true since WPF just about assumes that youre working with a high-powered system with lots of memory and a hot graphics card. Thats why many PCs couldnt run Vista (or at least, use the Vista Aero graphics) when it was first introduced. So this series continues to be available on the site for any and all who continue to need to use it. Good Ol Code GDI isnt something that you can drag onto a form like other components in VB.NET. Instead, GDI objects generally have to be added the old way by coding them from scratch! (Although, VB .NET does include a number of very handy code snippets that can really help you.) To code GDI, you use objects and their members from a number of .NET namespaces. (At the present time, these are actually just wrapper code for Windows OS objects which actually do the work.) Namespaces The namespaces in GDI are: System.Drawing This is the core GDI namespace. It defines objects for basic rendering (fonts, pens, basic brushes, etc.) and the most important object: Graphics. Well see more of this in just a few paragraphs. System.Drawing.Drawing2D This gives you objects for more advanced two-dimensional vector graphics. Some of them are gradient brushes, pen caps, and geometric transforms. System.Drawing.Imaging If you want to change graphical images - that is, change the palette, extract image metadata, manipulate metafiles, and so forth - this is the one you need. System.Drawing.Printing To render images to the printed page, interact with the printer itself, and format the overall appearance of a print job, use the objects here. System.Drawing.Text You can use collections of fonts with this namespace. Graphics Object The place to start with GDI is the  Graphics  object. Although the things you draw show up on your monitor or a printer, the Graphics object is the canvas that you draw on. But the Graphics object is also one of the first sources of confusion when using GDI. The Graphics object is always associated with a particular  device context. So the first problem that virtually every new student of GDI confronts is, How do I  get a Graphics object? There are basically two ways: You can use the  e  event parameter that is passed to the  OnPaint  event with the  PaintEventArgs  object. Several events pass the  PaintEventArgs  and you can use the to refer to the Graphics object that is already being used by the device context.You can use the  CreateGraphics  method for a device context to create a Graphics object. Heres an example of the first method: Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint( _   Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim g As Graphics e.Graphics   Ã‚  Ã‚  g.DrawString(About Visual Basic vbCrLf _   Ã‚  Ã‚   and GDI vbCrLf A Great Team, _   Ã‚  Ã‚  New Font(Times New Roman, 20), _   Ã‚  Ã‚  Brushes.Firebrick, 0, 0)   Ã‚  Ã‚  MyBase.OnPaint(e) End Sub Click Here to display the illustration Add this into the Form1 class for a standard Windows Application to code it yourself. In this example, a Graphics object is already created for the form  Form1. All your code has to do is create a local instance of that object and use it to draw on the same form. Notice that your code  Overrides  the  OnPaint  method. Thats why  MyBase.OnPaint(e)  is executed at the end. You need to make sure that if the base object (the one youre overriding) is doing something else, it gets a chance to do it. Often, your code works without this, but its a good idea. PaintEventArgs You can also get a Graphics object using the  PaintEventArgs  object handed to your code in the  OnPaint  and  OnPaintBackground methods  of a Form. The  PrintPageEventArgs  passed in a  PrintPage  event will contain a Graphics object for printing. Its even possible to get a Graphics object for some images. This can let you paint right on the image the same way you would paint on a Form or component. Event Handler Another variation of method one is to add an event handler for the  Paint  event for the form. Heres what that code looks like: Private Sub Form1_Paint( _   Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal sender As Object, _   Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs) _   Ã‚  Ã‚  Handles Me.Paint   Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim g As Graphics e.Graphics   Ã‚  Ã‚  g.DrawString(About Visual Basic vbCrLf _   Ã‚  Ã‚   and GDI vbCrLf A Great Team, _   Ã‚  Ã‚  New Font(Times New Roman, 20), _   Ã‚  Ã‚  Brushes.Firebrick, 0, 0) End Sub CreateGraphics The second method to get a Graphics object for your code uses a  CreateGraphics  method that is available with many components. The code looks like this: Private Sub Button1_Click( _   Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal sender As System.Object, _   Ã‚  Ã‚  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _   Ã‚  Ã‚  Handles Button1.Click   Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim g Me.CreateGraphics   Ã‚  Ã‚  g.DrawString(About Visual Basic vbCrLf _   Ã‚  Ã‚   and GDI vbCrLf A Great Team, _   Ã‚  Ã‚  New Font(Times New Roman, 20), _   Ã‚  Ã‚  Brushes.Firebrick, 0, 0) End Sub There are a couple of differences here. This is in the  Button1.Click  event because when  Form1  repaints itself in the  Load  event, our graphics are lost. So we have to add them in a later event. If you code this, youll notice that the graphics are lost when  Form1  has to be redrawn. (Mimimize and maximize again to see this.) Thats a big advantage to using the first method. Most references recommend using the first method since your graphics will be repainted automatically. GDI can be tricky!

Waste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Waste - Essay Example There are several disposal methods that are available to humans and this paper will discuss the following; ocean dumping, incineration, sanitary landfill, recycling and open dumping. These factors both have their advantages and disadvantages. Ocean dumping kills plankton and overburdens oceans, however, it is not expensive and when harmless products are disposed, they can serve as a food source. This method maybe made more effective by restricting the material disposed in oceans as some of it harms the fish or other habitants in the ocean. Sanitary landfill involves the disposal of waste materials into an open hole; this hole is closed after the waste has been disposed. This is advantageous in the sense that the land filled can be used for other community purposes. Lining these landfills with plastic, clay and sand reduces the chances of the waste being redistributed by the wind or animals. The government should implement policies that equip citizens with knowledge on methods to manage their own waste as the economy can benefit from these policies. Fuel sources are declining and the ecosystem has been recognized as a potential replacement. Hence, preserving the ecosystem can have economic benefits for the country. Recycling also reduces the costs from extracting raw materials to create a certain product. This shows that each party can benefit from waste

Design Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Design Project Report - Essay Example IS INTERESTING TO SEE HOW PEOPLE WHO DEFY NORMS, THE NONCONFORMISTS, CHALLENGE POPULAR NOTIONS AND THRIVE IN A WORLD OF FREEDOM, BREAKING THE SHACKLES OF SOCIAL MANDATES. THIS RESEARCH PAPER DISCUSSES THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTITY THAT REFLECTS IN SUBCULTURES OF 20TH CENTURY.IT IS INTERESTING TO SEE HOW PEOPLE WEAR UNIFORMS DIFFERENTLY WITH PERSONAL CHARACTERISTS ENGRAINED INTO IT. THIS SERVES AS AN EXAMPLE OF ANTI CONFORMITY, THE DESIRE TO EXPRESS ONE’S SELF AND MAKE A STATEMENT. Humans, being touted as civilized social animals, have to conform to various norms that the society imposes upon them and find themselves â€Å"just going along† (Epley & Gilovich 1999:588). These norms originate from culture, traditions, judicial systems and a host of other regulations that dictate the existence of human beings in a so called civilized society. Thus, they become forced to conform to the notions of what is civilized, to secure their safe haven within the society and to be recognized as respectable citizens. However, beneath this faà §ade a primeval animal lurks with its natural instincts suppressed and doused for fear of being outcast or alienated from the society. Conformity can be perceived as an attitude that compels humans to comply with the societal norms in vogue and modulating their behaviour to â€Å"match the responses of others† (Cialdini & Goldstein 2004:606). Thus, due to risks of being ostracized from their social cocoon, people normally comply with the dictates that society imposes on them. Human tendency or pressure to conform occurs even from the early stages of their community life, which is school. Therefore, they feel a â€Å"vital need to conform to peer pressure† to attain a sense of ‘belonging’ to a specific group (Younger et al 2005:18). While this trait can be good in the context of life of an individual within the society, from the point of view of artistic expressions, conformity can be a major limiting factor to one’s creative talent. It is

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Young i Teenage Pregnancy Thesis statement: Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem that can be prevented by using contraceptives. I. Introduction II. Teenage pregnancy A. Emotional effects B. Finances III. Contraceptives A. Condoms B. Birth control pills IV. Conclusion Young 1 Teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is increasing rapidly in our country. In fact, Mississippi has the highest teen birth rate in America. There are factors that contribute to this increasing problem. Teen pregnancy comes with effects that can cause serious problems. Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem that can be prevented by using contraceptives. Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem. It can cause many emotional effects. Being pregnant can cause a teenage mother to wonder how and why she got pregnant in the first place. A teenage mom is also affected emotionally by realizing that she has to carry the child for nine months, and the father does not. He gets to go out and do whatever he wants to do. Finances are more problems for the teenage parents to have to face. They have to have a job to support the child. Most teen families end up on welfare. Contraceptives are the main solution to this rapidly increasing problem. There are two main contraceptives used by teens. Condoms are the most common used contraceptives among teens, but are not 100 percent effective. Condoms can break, rip, and tear. It is always safer to use two contraceptives together. Birth control pills are another highly used contraceptive among teenage girls. This method of birth control is not 100 percent affective either. The most effective way to use the birth control pills is to take one pill at the same time every day. If you miss a pill it is a higher risk of becoming pregnant; but if used correctly, the pills can definitely cut down on teenage pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy is rapidly increasing, especially in Mississippi. Two main factors that are involved with this crisis are emotional effects and finances. To prevent all of these problems, teenagers should use contraceptives.

The Science Behind The Bell Curve :: Bell Curve Essays

The Science Behind The Bell Curve      Ã‚  Ã‚   The science behind The Bell Curve has been denounced by both the American Psychological Association and the Human Genome Project. Its authors were unqualified to speak on either genetics or intelligence, since their expertise lay in other fields. Their project did not rise through the usual system of academic publishing, and in fact the authors ducked the process of peer review. The Bell Curve was ultimately funded by the wealthy, far-right Bradley Foundation, which used its media connections to launch a massive national publicity campaign. And The Bell Curve relies heavily on studies that were financed by the Pioneer Fund, a neo-Nazi organization that promotes eugenicist research.    "The scientific basis of The Bell Curve is fraudulent." (1)    With those words, the American Psychological Association denounced The Bell Curve, the controversial book that claims that blacks generally have IQs 15 points lower than whites. The authors assert that because IQ is mostly genetic and unchangeable, programs promoting equality (affirmative action, welfare, Head Start, etc.) are a waste of money. For those unfamiliar with the American Psychological Association, it is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, and includes over 142,000 members.    The story of how a scientifically unsound book like The Bell Curve bypassed the usual checks and balances of the scientific community reveals a great deal about how wealthy conservative businessmen are trying to create their own alternate academia.    To begin with, the authors of The Bell Curve were largely unqualified to write a book about genetics and IQ. Charles Murray is a political scientist, whose specialty lies in welfare and affirmative action issues. Richard Herrnstein (who died shortly before publication) was indeed a psychologist, but he spent his career studying pigeons and rats, not genetics and IQ. In fact, Herrnstein never published anything in peer-reviewed journals about genetics and IQ during his entire 36-year career. (He did publish a few articles in popular magazines.) The most that can be said for either of them is that they were familiar with the scientific method and were experts in fields that were distantly related to the topic.    The writing of the book was shrouded in secrecy, but it was launched directly to the American public in a magnificently funded and organized media campaign, one that included cover stories in Newsweek, The New Republic and The New York Times Book Review.

To what extent has the conservative party Essay

The conservative party accepts that a degree of state intervention to create more social justice can be justified. This may involve welfare, but also intervention in family situations, in education and through social services in general. There is a sense that we are responsible for the welfare of those less fortunate than ourselves. Thatcherism suggested that we are responsible for ourselves as long as we have the capability and that we should not rely on others or the state. Modern conservatives now accept that we do have mutual responsibilities. Thatcherism saw crime and disorder as a matter of personal responsibility. Though the modern party also believes in personal responsibility, it also accepts that some crime, mainly among the young, has social causes and will respond to intervention by the state and voluntary organisations. Thatcherites would have argued that environmental problems have a market solution based on technology. The current Conservative Party believes that these problems will not right themselves automatically and therefore need state intervention. Thatcherites were extremely traditional in their view of the constitution and political system. Modern conservatives now accept that constitutional reform is essential and that the political system needs a good deal of democratic renewal. Although tax cuts are part of the ‘Cameron agenda’ in the long run, the modern party accepts that tax cutting should not be part of a dogmatic ideology, but instead should only be undertaken when the economic conditions are favourable. In general Cameron’s Conservative party is more adaptable and pragmatic, whereas Thatcherism was a more fixed, dogma with fixed principles. There are, however, several points which could be seen as ways in which the modern Conservative Party retains some Thatcherite ideas Some Thatcherite ideas are that the party still accepts that free markets and competition are essential for successful wealth creation. The party still fundamentally believes that the private sector is a better producer than the public sector. There is still a suspicion of state power. Current  conservatives still believes the state should be curbed and that it interferes too much in personal lives and in business with too much taxation and too much regulation. Although modern conservatives support the pursuit of social justice, poverty reduction and the welfare state, there remains a general instinct that excessive welfare can be a disincentive to work and enterprise. It remains a monetarist party, believing that the state should intervene as little as possible in economic management, should restrict itself to responsible public finance and control of the money supply to combat inflation. The party remains antagonistic to the power of organised labour, seeing it as a barrier to economic innovation, competitiveness and growth. The party retains the euro-scepticisms of the Thatcherites, although its antagonism towards European integration is less marked than it used to be. Fundamentally the party still supports economic free markets in Europe, but not any loss of political sovereignty. In conclusion, the current conservative party has abandoned Thatcherism to a certain extent, as many opinions on issues such as welfare, crime and disorder and constitutional reform have changed since the days of Thatcher. On the other hand, There are still parallels that can be drawn between the conservative party today and Thatcherism, such as ideas of a small government with less economic responsibility, low taxation and a scepticism of Europe.

Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions

Red Cliff and Early Chinese Notions Introduction The philosophies of early Chinese thinkers differ greatly from the mindset of modern day philosophers. The four major philosophies of China, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism arose primarily during the Warring States era from 475 BC to 221 BC. Following the end of the Qin Dynasty and the fall of Qin Shi Huang, Confucianism became the dominant philosophical school in China.Confucianism represented the teachings of Chinese philosopher, Confucius, concerning the fields of ethics and politics and emphasizes on personal and government morality, humaneness and one’s duty to family and society. Following the popularity of Confucianism and the death of Confucius, the creation of The Analects or Lunyu , was written by Confucius’ followers and disciples in the Warring States period. His teachings were the first to introduce the concept of meritocracy which considers that one’s status in society should not be determi ned by ancestry, wealth, or friendship but rather on education and one’s character.Confucius also explores notions on human nature and self cultivation and the purpose of human existence. This paper will focus on early Chinese philosophies of the relationship between the individual and the state and the relationship between man and nature with references and examples from the film, Red Cliff. The Relationship between the Individual and the State The three core concepts of Confucianism, â€Å"filial devotion (xiao), humaneness (ren), and ritual decorum (li)† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 3) embed the behavioural standards and expectations of how a person should practice these virtues. Furthermore, the three essential values integrate into Confucius’ views on government as well. Filial piety practiced within one’s family translates into how much one is willing to give to society which results in the stability of a state. Humaneness observes the importan ce of a ruler treating his people as how he would want to be treated if he were in their position. In Confucius’ perspective, ritual offers a sense of respect s rites are a mean of expression of a leader’s morality and also â€Å"encourages a sense of dignity and responsiveness among the people† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 43). Filial piety ? is considered the most fundamental of all Confucian teachings. The term can have a broad meaning that not only includes the obedience a child must show for his parents but also respect that should be shown to the living and dead. Filial piety develops into five relationships: ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend.When subjects respect their ruler and the ruler respects the Heavens, the state will in turn thrive and prosper. From The Analects, Confucius states, â€Å"If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed†. The concept of filial piety is displayed in many different ways in the film, Red Cliff. Because of the compassion and brotherhood the southern warlord, Liu Bei, has shown towards his subjects, they were prepared to sacrifice their lives for him and the state.Because Liu Bei has treated his ministers and warriors with respect, as a result, they willingly followed his leadership. Conversely on Cao Cao’s side, his subjects were obedient towards him but only because they were afraid of him. They know not to trust Cao Cao because of his apprehensive and suspicious character that could result in impulsive decisions to kill anyone without any reason or justification. Loosely quoted from Zhuge Liang, â€Å"Although Cao Cao leads a large army, the majority surrendered to him so they are not as trustworthy. † He has not shown humaneness ? o his subjects, therefore they were not motivated to fight for him. Anot her example of filial piety and the relationship between the individual and the state is displayed through Xiao Qiao’s decision to cross over to Cao Cao’s camp in order to buy time for the Southerners. Her duty to her husband and the state required her to forsake her personal interests including her life, her child’s life, and her relationship with her husband, for the greater good. â€Å"This is our home. Our people gladly give their lives for her sake. How can I stand idly by. † – Xiao Qiao (Red Cliff II, 2009)Many Western philosophers may not understand and argue that the Chinese philosophy of individualism emphasizes on one’s connection to external powers of authority rather than total independence and creativity. However the Chinese tradition is not about conforming each person’s ideas and sacrificing oneself for society, it â€Å"focuses on the individual as a vitally integrated element within a larger familial, social, politic al, and cosmic whole† (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Brindley). The core meaning of individualism is the thought of one’s self cultivation and the moral obligation to society and the importance of public service.This definition leads to the term junzi which simply means the ideal of becoming the â€Å"perfect man† who â€Å"combines the qualities of saint, scholar, and gentleman†. The two most prominent examples of a junzi in the film are Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu’s forgiving nature allows him to achieve a greater good for his people when he chose to pardon his friend’s action of siding with Cao Cao. He did not choose to kill him when his childhood friend tried to convince him to surrender to Cao Cao but instead tolerated his friend’s disloyal character.On the other hand, Zhuge Liang is a good representation of a junzi as he uses his moral autonomy to help the people. Because he knows clearly what is right and wrong, he combines his intelligence with righteousness to convince others of accepting his strategies as an advisor. In conclusion, both having filial piety and being a junzi are two of the ways the early Chinese believe an individual can contribute back into society. In the film Red Cliff, the underlying moral of the story relates back to these two themes whether it is in the form of brotherhood, husband and wife or a leader and his subjects.The Relationship between Man and Nature The relationship between man and nature in classical Chinese philosophy can be characterized as the â€Å"relation of Heaven and man† or the fundamental concept of â€Å"tienren he yi† . The academic aim of Chinese thinkers was to educate the people on this philosophy. As quoted from Sima Qian stating the purpose of his work Records of the Grand Historian, â€Å"I want to hereby elucidate the relation of Heaven and man, to discern its historical development from Past to Present, and to state my disti nctive views. After the middle period of the Warring States, classical thinkers strongly emphasized the relation of Heaven and man. When Confucius speaks about the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† and when Mozi talks about the â€Å"Will of Heaven†, they are ultimately referring to nature as Heaven being the supreme entity of the world, above all kings and all sources of power. However this philosophy was divided into two sides, one highlighting the unity between man and nature and the other putting much emphasis on the separation of the two.Nevertheless, the doctrines supporting the unity of man and nature was more influential and accepted more widely as the thought of stressing on the separation of the two was only held by a minority. Therefore it can be assumed that most Chinese philosophers place high social values on peace and harmony and the idea of â€Å"unity of nature and man†. To the Chinese, the relationship between humans and nature was regarded as reciproca ls. Heaven, earth, and man represented a single unity governed by the cosmic law or dao.Mencius, the most famous of Confucius’ followers, thought of Heaven as the highest order in which even the emperor or â€Å"Son of Heaven† should obey. Reinstating the idea of the hierarchy of respect Mencius states that †¦when the personal life is cultivated, the family will be regulated; when the family is regulated, the state will be in order; and when the state is in order, there will be peace throughout the world. From the Son of Heaven down to the common people, all must regard the cultivation of personal life as the root or foundation.Mencius believed that a person’s moral self is the basis of having a harmonized society. And in order for a leader to earn the respect and support of his subjects, he must first respect the Heavens. Since humans are an integral part of nature, man should also obey the laws of nature. According the Mencius, human nature is given by He aven, therefore the two are interconnected. In Confucian thinking, the meaning of Heaven or nature has a variety of aspects, including the sky, weather, the natural order, and also a moral order. One of Confucius’ disciples Xunzi quotes â€Å"tian as a atural order, operating according to unchanging principles, not intervening in extraordinary ways in human affair but, rather, providing the context within which all living things exist† (Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 170). Other Confucians also adopted the idea of oneness of Heaven and man. â€Å"All things exist together, and they do not harm each other; all ways exist together, and they do not come into conflict† – Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean). In the film Red Cliff, an example of acting out against nature or Heaven can be seen from Cao Cao’s perception of the war.When Cao Cao tells Zhou Yu that he cannot believe he lost the war because of the wind, Zhou Yu replies him, â€Å"Because you d on’t understand the Will of Heaven. † The meaning of this phrase can be seen as having two connotations. The first, because Cao Cao did not understand the patterns of the weather, he was unable to predict the time when the wind was going to change directions. The second significance has a more profound undertone in which Zhou Yu means that Cao Cao did not recognize the natural order wherein society should follow under harmonized principles that the Heavens intended (tian yi, . Because Cao Cao always thought he was responsible for bringing together all the states as an order of the Emperor, he could not see past his own greed and ambitions. He perceived the war as child’s play and disrupts peace in the country to achieve his goal of total dominance. His belief of unifying the states contradicts the early philosophers’ notions of all things existing in harmony and having self cultivation and moral order as the true â€Å"Will of Heaven†. ConclusionIn conclusion, one can see that classical Chinese philosophers developed ideas that are rarely seen in Western philosophies. The Chinese philosophies characterize how fundamental they perceive moral principles and self cultivation as the basis of society. Essentially, these notions relate to the promotion of human relations towards a harmonious society through its inclusiveness of Heaven, Earth, and Human order. Reference List De, Bary William Theodore, Irene Bloom, Wing-tsit Chan, Joseph Adler, and Richard John Lufrano.Sources of Chinese Tradition. New York: Columbia UP, 1999. Print Hagop Sarkissian. â€Å"Individualism in Early China: Human Agency and the Self in Thought and Politics (review). † Philosophy East and West 62. 3 (2012): 408-410. Project MUSE. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . Red Cliff Chi Bi. Magnolia Home Entertainment, 2008. DVD â€Å"Theories Concerning Man and Nature in Classical Chinese Philosophy. † CHAPTER I. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. .

Louis Joseph Papineau essays

Louis Joseph Papineau essays Papineau was born October 7, 1786. He was an Aristocratic Seignior of the old school who inherited from his father the seigneury of La Petite Nation (The Small Nation) on the Ottawa River. He was Speaker of the House of Assembly from 1815 to 1823 and from 1825 to 1832. With his forceful interventions in the House and his popularity as a powerful speaker, Louis-Joseph Papineau became the champion of the nationalist movement. In his youth he had great faith in British Institutions and believed that the Quebec Act was all that French Canada needed to ensure a successful development. He believed in British parliamentary democracy for the sake of what I could bring to French Canada. His goal was self-government of Quebec un the British Crown. When he reached his middle age his view points changed. He was disillusioned with the British Constitutional way. The British-based government would evade the assembly in every way possible and he saw it as a poor base and example for the French Canadian to follow. He then turned to the American way. He admired the American way to insist on independence and the fundamental rights of each individual. Papineau ambitioned a democratic republic. As leader of the Canadian Party, which later became the Patriot Party, he made an important speech in the House of Assembly on February 28, 1834, on the Ninety-two Resolutions which criticized the oligarchic system of the government. He demanded that the elected assembly could have more control over colonial revenues, and more political control as well. London responded to these requests rejecting all the demands made, causing an economic crises (especially for the Farmers which couldnt afford new products to re-farm) to flourish in Lower Canada. Their terms only swelled the discontent, and rebellion took shape. In 1836, warrants were issued for the arrest of Louis-Joseph Papineau and the other main leade ...

Back-Channel Signal Definition and Examples

Backs .In conversation, a back-channel signal is a noise, gesture, expression, or word used by a listener to indicate that he or she is paying attention to a speaker. According to H.M. Rosenfeld (1978), the most common back-channel signals are head movements, brief vocalizations, glances, and facial expressions, often in combination. Examples and Observations Fabienne: I was looking at myself in the mirror.Butch Coolidge: Uh-huh?Fabienne: I wish I had a pot.Butch Coolidge: You were lookin in the mirror and you wish you had some pot?Fabienne: A pot. A pot belly. Pot bellies are sexy.(Pulp Fiction, 1994)We .. show we are listening and do not wish to interrupt by giving back-channel signals, such as yes, uh-huh, mhm, and other very short comments. These do not constitute turns or attempts to take the floor. On the contrary, they are indications that we expect the speaker to continue.(R. Macaulay, The Social Art: Language and Its Uses. Oxford University Press, 2006)Karen Pelly: Brent might learn a little lesson if his security camera got stolen.Hank Yarbo: Yeah.Karen Pelly: By someone.Hank Yarbo: Hmm.Karen Pelly: Someone he trusts.Hank Yarbo: Yeah, I suppose.Karen Pelly: Someone he would never suspect.Hank Yarbo: Yeah.Karen Pelly: Plot the cameras motion and approach from a blind spot. You could pull it off.(Security Cam, Corner Gas, 2004) Facial Expressions and Head Movements The face plays an important role in the communication process. A smile can express happiness, be a polite greeting, or be a back-channel signal. Some facial expressions are linked to the syntax structure of the utterance: eyebrows may raise on an accent and on nonsyntactically marked questions. Gaze and head movements are also part of the communicative process. (J. Cassell, Embodied Conversational Agents. MIT Press, 2000)And here Mrs. Aleshine nodded vigorously, not being willing to interrupt this entrancing story.(Frank R. Stockton, The Casting Away of Mrs. Lecks and Mrs. Aleshine, 1892) A Group Process Turn-taking and suppressing signals are given by the current speaker; they are used to defend the right to continue speaking on the same subject or with the same level of emphasis. ​Back-channel signals are communication acts by others, such as a person agreeing or disagreeing with the speaker. The types of signal and the rate at which they are used relate to the underlying group process, particularly the group regulatory forces. Meyers and Brashers (1999) found that groups use a form of participation reward system; those who are co-operating with the group receive helping communication behaviors and those in competition are received with communication-blocking behavior. (Stephen Emmitt and Christopher Gorse, Construction Communication. Blackwell, 2003)

Dimensions of national culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dimensions of national culture - Essay Example Music, theatre, fine arts, language and literature are developed in order to add some color and entertainment in everyday living, as well as improve on communication. Sports and educational syllabuses are also developed for entertainment and improvement of skills. All these facets of life among others keep on changing from one form the other thus enriching culture (Marcus, 1995). All of these developments are recorded for future references in different symbols including writing, drawings, cave paintings or passed from one person to another orally. As this culture is passed on it is modified through innovation, borrowing from others. Elements like language therefore constantly improve and diversify as time goes by (Cohen, 1985). This paper sets out to analyze the development of national culture and to explain why people within a certain nationality or region typically develop traits that are unique to themselves. The paper looks at how different cultural backgrounds affect persons wor king within an organization. It also explains the effects impede or support the realizations of the objectives of the said organization. Elements of Organizational Culture Every nation is renowned for certain things. For instance the vast majority of people of Britain enjoy association football [also known as soccer] whose rules were founded in that country in 1863; very much. This is different when compared to Americans who prefer their own version of football which is closer to the Rugby that is also loved a lot in Britain (Maccambridge, 2004). This same case applies to organizations. According to Hofstede(1980), national culture directly influences organizational culture. Organizations exist within countries and are therefore influenced by the prevailing culture within them. In his study of national cultural influences he identified four dimensions of culture. These he classified as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism vs individualism and masculinity vs femininity (Hofstede, 1980). The first dimension, power distance, refers to the difference of power allowed by the society between the highest and lowest echelons of power. A high power difference score means that there is a great difference between the power wielded and the privileges enjoyed by people high ranking individuals and their lower ranking counterparts within the organization (Schein, 2005). A low score on the other hand means that everybody in the organization enjoys almost equal rights to anybody else (Schein, 2005). The measure of power distance in different nationalities revealed that countries such as Australia, Austria, Denmark and Israel had some of the lowest power distance levels while sub-Saharan African and Malaysia among others had the highest (Hofstede, 1980). The second one uncertainty avoidance refers to extent of anxiety about the unknown in a society. In cultures where there is strong uncertainty avoidance, people prefer operating with explicit rules and laws that govern labor and social relations. Employees in this system tend to keep the same job for long since they feel less uncertain about the future and feel strongly that the rules guarantee their rights. The societies with weak

Photography - Photojournalism to Fine Art PowerPoint Presentation

Photography - Photojournalism to Fine Art - PowerPoint Presentation Example For example, even though the food taken by the people of China may differentiate them from the people of Britain, even within China, there are different cultures that can be identified that use different staples of food. What is displayed above by Snellac is therefore a very significant photograph that speaks volumes about food and the place it has in culture. Another important characteristic of food as a component of culture is the place of its acquisition and from whom it can be acquire. In this photograph, the photojournalist is sending a message across about the significant role that markets and women play in getting food to the ordinary person in China. Unlike other parts of the world such as Europe and America where there is massive dependence on grocery stores as the source of food (quote), the open market plays a significant role in the acquisition of food in China and therefore makes the food culture of the people of China very unique and different from what prevails in other cultures. A picture taken at the time of the Louisville Flood, Margaret Bourke-Smith used this picture to display a contrasting situation between the true state of America as a nation at the time and what the country touted of itself in theory. This is because whereas the billboard right behind the people who had lined up contained the words, â€Å"â€Å"World’s Highest Standard of Living: There’s no way like the American Way!†, the real picture on the ground was that people were actually displayed and waiting for help to come. There was no way this was going to be the situation of a place with the world’s highest standard of living. What is perhaps culturally significant about this piece of photojournalistic work is that most of the people seen to be waiting for help were Blacks. This is very synonymous with the time of the Great Depression when Blacks were

Civil Rights Activist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil Rights Activist - Essay Example The Civil Rights Movement is often compared to the "David against the Goliath" fable because it was a tough battle against overwhelming odds. On one hand were the oppressors who were extremely powerful in terms of strength, numbers and political power, while on the other hand were the oppressed, and all they had was a dream, and an undying tenacity to achieve that dream. What makes it one of the most important events in the annals of world history is that this movement was largely successful. This is bolstered by acts such as The Brown decision in 1954, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 all of which helped bring about the demise of the entangling web of legislation that bound blacks to second class citizenship (loc.gov, nd). During these turbulent times, there were several visionaries who surfaced to make a change. These were great men who saw and understood that what was happening around them and to them was unfair. The Civil Rights Movement is largely associated with the life and struggle of Martin Luther King JR, however, it would be unfair not to identify the work done by several other men and women of that time in this regard. One such person who is unfortunately barely ever mentioned or completely ignored in the pages of history was Medgar Evers. It was in an oppressive world of White domination that Medgar Evers was born, on July 2 1925 to James and Jesse Evers in Decatur, Mississippi (Evers & Marable, 2005). Having taken birth in a devout Christian family, Medgar was instilled with virtues such as self-reliance, pride and self-respect right from a very young age. This made him an assertive boy. He was seen as mean by the local neighborhood. In the autobiography it has been documented that a lync hing of a neighbor that he eye-witnessed, had a profound impact on Medgar's feelings about the racist conditions that surrounded him (Evers & Marable, 2005). In 1943 Medgar left high school and joined the Army. He served the Army in World War II and was stationed in England and France. When he came back home, he joined Alcorn College in Mississippi majoring in Business. Medgar was a very popular student and also received the recognition by being named in the Who's Who in American Colleges. In 1951, Medgar married Myrlie, a freshman girl from his college. By 1952, Medgar had started in his own ways, several attempts to improve the lives of the black American people. In 1952, he became the founding member of Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL) and in that capacity, started assisting the rural blacks to register to vote and promoting memberships in NAACP. Unlike Martin Luther King JR, Medgar was not a supporter of non-violence. He believed that oppressed blacks must fight back, and if necessary also cross the line. In 1954 he was appointed Mississippi's first field secretary for the NAACP. In this role he actively worked for the betterment of the lives of black Americans. He ran several boycott campaigns against racism and institutions that supported it. He also worked towards integrating schools instead of racial segregation. He took up cases where black Americans were not granted their rights in form of denied admissions or rejected loans, and fought for them to obtain justice. Increasingly, Medgar was asked to give public spe eches to inspire

Construction Management Procurement Route

Construction Management Procurement Route Cinnamon Grand is the privately owned large hotel chain in UK, they offer comfortable accommodation across the UK and are committed to preserving their rich heritage therefore they are very passionate about the outlook of their hotel buildings. A recent period of bad weather and severe storms has resulted in three Cinnamon Grand hotels being significantly destroyed in the south east of the UK. All destroyed hotel buildings are located in prime locations in town settings. The hotel management has decided to reconstruct the three hotels to a better quality than they were before with budget of  £120 million in two phases. I, Pattusamy Subramanian appointed as a main consultant by the client (cinnamon Grand) for the above projects, as a part of my role is to prepare a report to the client to advise on the most appropriate procurement route for the above project. Purpose of Procurement A Person or Company commissioning construction projects will require an end product which will satisfy their needs as to form a quality and which they can taken possession of the agreed time which they will obtain for a competitive price. It is important that procurement decisions are justifiable on the basis of documented facts and analysis. Soundly based decision involve a comprehensive exploration of a range of potential delivery models and procurement methods to determine the approach best suited to each project, by methodically exploring all available options, projects owners can ensure that opportunities for achieving increased value-for-money. Clients needs Client is very concern about the building features as they have strategy of adopting neglected landmark buildings and bring them back to their former magnificent look. In line with client policy on architectural significance and aesthetics of the buildings, client will invest a great deal of time, cost and effort to ensure that reconstruction is always sensitive and does not compromise the dignity of the buildings and services provided. The client planned to carry out the reconstruction works in two phases as follow; Phase 1: Requires the following areas to be handed over by 28th February 2015 and able to start work on 1st March 2014 (12months) and client Planned to re-opening on 1st April 2015. Roofs Guest rooms Restaurant Swimming pool Phase 2: the intension to enhance opportunities for health and well-being of the visitors through new facilities. The following facilities will be newly constructed under this phase. Dance studios Health and Fitness centre Conference and meeting rooms There are few key points need to consider from the client profile as follows; Client very experienced in renovation of neglected Heritage building. Client did not have an in-house executive to be actively involved in this project design and construction. Client wants to avoid the Project time and cost risks and looking for value for money. Analysis of Procurement route options There are four main key methods of established procurement routes available, each of those involving different types of contract, contractual relationship, information flow, roles and responsibilities with in the team. The Four key procurement routes are; Traditional Non-traditional Design and Build Construction Management Management Contracting 4.1 Traditional Procurement route In the traditional approach, the employer accepts that design work will generally separate from construction, consultants are appointed for design and cost control, and the contractor is responsible for carrying out the works. This responsibility extends to all workmanship and materials, and includes all work by subcontractors and suppliers. The contractor is usually appointed by competitive tendering on complete information, but may if necessary be appointed earlier by negotiation on the basis of partial on notional information. Advantages Accountability and Competitive equity as all tendering contractors bid on the same basis. Design lead and the client is able to have a direct influence which can facilitate a high level of functionality and improve the quality in the overall design. Price certainty at the award of the contract. Variations (changes) to the contract are relatively easy to arrange and manage. Traditional procurement route is very familiar in the market. Disadvantages Process time takes longer to produce the full contract documentation. Tenders documents from an incomplete design can be produced but can lead to less cost and time certainty and may lead to disputes. Overall project duration may be longer than other procurement methods as the strategy is sequential and construction can not be commenced prior to the completion of the design. No input into the project design by the contractor as they are not appointed during the design stage. Risks Cost risk is low due to lump sum contract. Time risk is medium due to fixed contract date but the same time contractor has right to claim extension if time. Quality/design risk is low as the majority of the works designed by consultant who is working for client directly. Suitability Traditional procurement route is not suitable for this project due to no time certainty. 4.2 Design and Build Procurement route Design and Build procurement contractor accepts responsibility for some or all of the design. There should be express reference to this in the contract, and the extent of design liability should always be set out as clearly as possible. Some design and build forms limit the design liability of the contractor to the normal professional duty to exercise reasonable care and skill. Independent consultants engaged by the contractor are therefore under a liability no greater than normal. If the contractor does not have in-house designers, which is often the case, and the contractor uses external consultants, their identity should be established before the tender is accepted. The clients requirements might be stated briefly and simply, perhaps little more than a site plan and schedule of accommodation. On the other hand, they may be a document of several hundred pages with precise specifications. The contractors input might be restricted to taking a scheme design supplied by the client and developing details and production information. It is however better to specify in terms of performance requirement rather than to prescribe in details, because this leaves the responsibility for design and selection with the contractor. With a design and build method, it is possible ensure a quicker start on site, and the close integration of design and build can result in more effective programming. Time, however, is needed by the clients consultant to prepare an adequate set of requirements, and time is needed to compare and evaluate the schemes from the competing tenderers. Once a contract is signed, any changes by the client can prove costly. Advantages Client has to deal with one firm and reduces the need to commit resources and time to contracting designers and contractors separately. Price certainty is obtained before construction commences as clients requirements are specified and changes are not introduced. Overlap of design and construction activities can reduce project time and improved constructability due to contractors input into the design. Disadvantages Difficulties can be experienced by clients in preparing an adequate and sufficiently comprehensive brief. Difficulty in comparing bids since each design will be different, project program will vary between bidders, and prices for the project will be different for each design. Client is required to commit to a concept design at an early stage, often before the detailed designs are complete and design liability is limited to the standard contracts that are available. Risks Cost risk is low due to lump sum contract. Time risk is low due to contractor fix the time and be committed to it. Quality/design risk is high as the contractor control the design limitation, the risks related to the capacity of the contractor to perform the task based on the design. Suitability Design and Build Procurement is most suitable for this project as its giving time and cost certainty and contractor is liable for the all the risks. 4.3 Construction Management Procurement route In construction management route, the construction manager engaged to advise the employer on fees basis. The employer directly involve in the contracts with various specialist contractors throughout the project life. The specilised contractors are direct communicating with employer to get clarification and instruction as this process is faster than the other procurement methods. The construction manager will be co-coordinating the design and construction programs and ensures that the specialist contract packages were considered properly. Through these arrangements, the employer is at substantial risk, however the final responsibility for these issues may be hang on to the employer, depending on the form of contract used. Advantages Potential time savings in overall projects as the design and construction activities are overlapped. Increased competition for construction work due to work packaging. Improved constructability through constructor input into the design. Roles, risks and responsibilities are clear to all parties Flexibility for changes in design. Disadvantages Price certainty is not achieved until the final works packages have been let. Informed and proactive client is required. Client must provide good quality brief to the design team as the design will not be complete until resources have been committed to the project. Close control required on time and information. Client loses direct control of design quality which is influenced by the constructor. Risks Cost risk is medium as it is unknown until the final package has been let. Time risk is medium as the responsible shared by several trade contractors works directly under client. Quality/design risk is low as the link between client, designers and contractors are close. Suitability Construction management procurement is not suitable for this project due to no cost and time certainty. 4.4 Management Contracting Procurement route Management Contracting and Construction Management procurement routes are similar. The only key difference is; In Management Contracts, the client entering into a contract agreement with management contractor who, in turn, contracts with the individual trade contractors. The client pays the cost of the works contracts as well as a management fee for the management services. In Construction Management, the client engaged construction manager on fee basis to arrange trade contractors and monitor them and the individual trade contractors direct contract agreement with the client. The advantages, disadvantages and risks are similar as above stated in the construction management. Suitability Management contracting procurement is not suitable for this project due to no cost and time certainty. Recommendation on appropriate procurement route After appraise through the various methods of procurement routes, considering the client requirements, client resources, project characteristics, project budget, project quality, delivery time and risk factors, I would like to recommend the Design and Build procurement route is an appropriate method for this project in this circumstances. The reasons to reject the other procurement routes are described in detail above and the summery as follow; Traditional procurement route is not suitable for this project due to no time certainty. Construction management and Management contracting procurement are not suitable for this project due to no cost and time certainty. Task 2 Option A Discuss the liability of Alexander contractor to the employer for the additional cost that the employer had to incur as a consequence of being required to employ a more expensive tenderer to carry out the construction project. Scenario given in relevant to Alexander contractor liability The Alexander contractors returned the tender document to the employer with conditions that it is open for acceptance for six weeks. Upon completing the tender review, the employer establishes that the Alexander contractor is its preferred tenderer. However, before the employer is able to write to the contractor to accept its offer, the Alexander contractor wrote to the employer stating that it is withdrawing its tender. Resolution General rules in the contracts There is no contract liability between the tenderer and the employer until the letter of offer is accepted, in the mean time the tenderer may withdraw the tender anytime before the issuance of letter of acceptance. It shows that the Alexander contractor may not be liable to the employer at the same time if the conditions of tendering state any clause like tenderer not able to withdraw till stipulated time, then the Alexander contractor may be liability for breach of the tender conditions. If there is a clause stated in the conditions of tender documents then both party have to appeal to court to settle disputes on the lose and damages, judge will assess the case with the evidence of facts and documents and use the law clauses to make a decision. Reference: Support for this belief come from the leading textbooks on contract law, such as Chitty on contracts. In the Twenty Seventh edition of this famous work, published in 1994, it is stated: The general rule is that an offer may be revoked at any time before it is accepted. The rule applies even though the offeror has promised to keep the offer open for a specified time for such a promise is unsupported by consideration In support of this statement the case of Routledge v. Grant (1824) 4 Bing 653 is quoted where the defendant offered to buy a house giving the plaintiff six weeks to give a definite answer. It was held that the defendant was free to withdraw at any time before acceptance event though the six week period has not expired. The result of this that where a tendering period is very short tenderer sometimes rush to submit a tender seemingly safe in the knowledge that they can check their figures once the tender is submitted, and if errors are found, withdraw their tender at any time prior to acceptance. Discuss the clerks of works power to issue a direction as detailed in the given scenario and its implications on the loss and expenses incurred by the contractor. Scenario given in relevant to clerk of works power The contractor about to start to construct the pile caps then they realized that the concrete quantities in the BOQ are wrong as the sizes of the pile caps had wrongly been transferred from the design drawing in to the BOQ. The contractor re-calculated the quantities as per the drawing and found that the concrete work require 250 cubic meters instead of 160cubic meters shown in the BOQ. The contractor informed the Contract Administrator of this discrepancy in writing and copied to Clerk of Work. The Clerk of Work issued a Direction to construct the pile caps according to the drawing and ignore the quantities shown in BOQ. The Clerk of Works pointed out that the payment would be made on physical measurement of the work. Resolution Clerk of Works is employed by the client and known as Site Inspectors, Site Supervisors or Building Quality Officers, monitor the entire site works for their client. The main responsibility is to make sure that work is carried out to the clients standards, specification and schedule. In most cases, the specifications are prepared by Architects or Engineer employed by the client. Clerk of works make sure that the correct materials and workmanship are used and that the client is given quality work and value for money. Clerk of works are either on site all the time or make regular visits, they need to be vigilant in their inspections, use contract administrator approved drawings and written instruction as a reference and all works must meet the Authorities requirements and client standards. In Scenario stated that the contractor did informed the contract administrator about the pile cap concrete quantity discrepancies and Clerk of work issue directions to proceed the works as per drawing. The contractor has also highlighted that needs to change the concrete curing method due to increase in concrete volume and limited contractor recourses as per original program. The contract administrator issued instruction approving this arrangement. The work was accomplished within four days as per contract administrator approval with increased expenses additional concrete quantities, incurred additional manpower and loss of time (Two days) due to changes in concrete curing method. Hence, under the JCT conditions of contract, the contractor has complied with the contract administrator instruction, which fall under variations in relevant matters and the contractor allowed to claim the loss and expenses from the employer. Reference: (JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2005 Edition Revision 2 2009, Clause 3.4) Clerk of works are authorized to issue directions to the contractor. The direction shall not valid unless confirmed by the contract administrator and issue instruction to the contractor within next 2days, the date of such confirmation shall be deemed the date instruction is issued. (JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2005 Edition Revision 2 2009, Clause 4.23) In the execution of this contract the contractor incurs or is likely to incur direct loss and expense for which he would be reimbursed by a payment under likely to be materially affected by any of the relevant matters (See clause 4.24). Detail the possible claims with respect to the given scenario, the main facts that can be included in the claims and the contractual provisions available to substantiate the claims according to the JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2005 Edition(JCT SBS05) Revision 2 2009. Scenario given in relevant to possible claims Discrepancies in pile cap concrete quantities as per the design drawings, the work require 250 cubic meters instead of 160cubic meters shown in the BOQ. Changes in concrete pile cap concrete curing method due to the pile cap size and concrete volume increased compared to the original program. The first floor collapsed during curing of concrete. It is partially due to structural instability of the existing load bearing walls. Contract administrator decided to replace the damaged ground flooring and repair the walls to carter for structural stability. The employer on several occasions has failed to pay interim payments to the contractor by the final date agreed in the contract. Resolution According to the JCT condition of contracts (clauses 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 3.14 4.24), the contractor did notified the contract administrator on the discrepancies in concrete quantity and copied clerk of work. The Clerk of work issued direction and subsequently contract administrator issued instruction to proceed. In this case the contractor has complied with the contract administrator instruction and allowed to claim for the additional materials, plant, man power which used to complete the works. The additional works to be measure by standard method of measurement and calculate using schedule of rates stipulated in the contracts. References

John Wesley and the Methodist Church- Analysis of “Methodism and the Ch

I have been a firm believer that if one does not understand where you come from you can have little understanding of where your heading. The first thirty-two pages of the book on â€Å"Methodism and the Christian Heritage in England† gave a background as to Wesley’s foundation that so many authors overlook. The first page summed it up best in: â€Å"The long course of English ecclesiastical history met the force of a new concern for renewal, both individual and institutional. A long tradition of propositional certainty of faith met the power of a personal experience of faith. An institution built by and for the establishment met a concern for the souls and bodies of the disenfranchised† (p.1, Heitzenrater). This explained the transformation of both individuals and the Church at this moment in history. Of how a small congregation in Stanton Harcourt would be the starting point for a â€Å"guest preacher, would shortly become the leader of an evangelical revival that would, during his lifetime, spread across the lands and become a trans-Atlantic movement† (p. 1, Heitzenrater). How many present at St. Michael’s on that June 11 Sunday morning in 1738 realized just how important this day would be in the history of the Church in the British Isle, America and throughout the world. How the step taken by the monarch’s of England influenced the Church in England to be transformed into the Church of England. The struggle in the theology of Lutheran, Calvinist, Catholicism, and Moravianism, to name just a few, would all have an influence in the foundation of the Methodist movement. Of how â€Å"John Wesley, paternal grandfather was brought before the Bishop of Bristol, Gilbert Ironside, to answer charges of nonconforming to the Thirty-Nine Articles† (p. 1... ...day: how do we make the church relevant to a society that see’s it was being a product of a long past believe system. How do we allow people to explore their faith question and at the same time provide a firm foundation? The influence of Calvinist, Mystics, New Age, Atheisms, and other religious faith has caused confusion among our cognation as to what they believe in. By studying this text with our congregations we can provide them with an understanding of where Methodism came from and where we are heading. I am looking forward in gaining a better understanding of where we came from to become Methodist so that I can better chart a course of where we are heading as a congregation, denomination and a people of faith. Let the journey begin. Works Cited 1. Heitzenrater, Richard P. 1995, Wesley and the People Called Methodist. Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN.

Principles of personal development Essay

Reflective practice is when you reflect over the work you’ve done, why and how you did it the way you did, thinking it over, learning new techniques and seeing if you need to take a different approach to it next time. 1.2 Explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided. Reflective practice is important because of you didn’t reflect over the work you have done you would never be able to improve on what you have done. By reflecting you can look over work you have done and see what worked well and what didn’t then try and improve it for the next time if needed. 1.3 Explain how standards inform reflective practice in adult social care. Standards may include code of practice, regulations, essential standards and national occupational standards. Standards inform reflective practice by informing own learning, by helping one to think about professional accountability, by enabling professional development and by prov iding a way of identifying what is required for good practice. 1.4 Describe how own values, beliefs systems and experiences may affect working practice. Your own view may cause conflict with others or help you understand others views and help improve communication. Also own views may make you favour others with your views or you may not respect views of others which will end in you not having good communication skills with certain individuals. 2.1 Explain how people may react and respond to receiving constructive feedback. When people have been given constructive feedback some people take it in a good way and listen to the feedback to try and improve on their work but some people get defensive and take it as a dig at their work and choose not to follow the feedback. 2.2 Explain the importance of seeking feedback to improve practice and inform development. It’s important to seek feedback to identify what is working well, identify areas for improvement and development. To show that you are open to continuously improving your practice also show that you are able to learn and listen to others. 2.3 Explain the importance of using feedback in improving own practice. To show respect for the reviews of others and that you have listened, to insure that your practice meets the needs of the individuals and to enable you to develop new approaches and ways of thinking. 3.1 Describe the components of a personal development plan. When putting a personal development plan together you will need objectives for development, proposed activities to meet objectives and timescales for reviews. 3.2 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development. The different sources of support are formal or informal support, supervisions or appraisals. 3.3 Explain the role of others in the development of a personal development plan in identifying Strengths and Areas for development. Others with may help you could include other staff member or professionals. They could provide you with a greater insight, enable you to think about the impact your practice has no others, provide you with information and new ideas, help indentify your strengths and areas for development and develop a working relationship with you. 3.4 Explain the benefits of using a personal development plan to identify ongoing improvements in knowledge and understanding. Focus on what one wants to achieve and how to do it, increasing own understanding of how to meet identified needs.