Website comparison

In contrasting the sites for Departure and Rubberier, the greatest distinction I saw was that one was designed more for selling their item and the other was planned for getting their clients to sell for them. When survey Rubberneck's site I saw that it is very easy to use. On the off chance that you are hoping to buy their items, there is a connection for that. Inside this connection is each sort of arrangement you are searching for, from restroom to kitchen to carport and even outside stockpiling. It's all very accessible.Once you click on the item you are searching for it gives you the cost and permits you to get It at that moment. They additionally have joins for â€Å"Tips and Solutions†. This gives you Ideas on the best way to all the more likely compose yourself and what others have done. Presently with respect to advancements, they do have a connection yet you need to initially enroll. This is a decent strategy to keep you educated on everything Rubberier. They get you to join to get a coupon or uncommon arrangement, yet they will keep on sending you messages with updates on anything Rubberier brings to the table. It keeps Rubberier new in your mind.I imagine that Rubberneck's objective market is the buyer and how they can best serve them. When rating Rubberier on a mouse click size of 1 TTT, I would give them a 4. Likewise on an individual purchaser level I would stay with that 4. They had all that you were searching for and made it simple to locate the following item or advancement. It even made me need to keep looking for things I didn't require. By and large I would state that Rubberier has worked admirably at executing the racketing blend and attempting to fuse the entirety of their clients' needs and wants.It was extremely simple to move through their site and I continually needed to look for additional things and see what items I could utilize. While investigating Departure's site, I came an excess of various resolution. The site appeared t o be increasingly outfitted to getting me to join to be a specialist and additionally have a get-together at that point to really sell me the Departure itself. It is certainly an alternate methodology. I was as yet ready to look and purchase their item, yet it wasn't as simple. I needed to mind the correct list and once I did that It wasn't the place I could buy their product.Once I found the connection to get It despite everything appeared to be a group of items. It was scarcely separated Into areas yet progressively dependent on list end times and deals. It was significantly simpler to â€Å"Host† a gathering and discover a specialist or even to turn into an advisor at that point to really purchase their item. They do anyway offer decent advantages for facilitating a gathering. Contingent upon how much individuals would spend for your sake would decide how much free item or limited item you would receive.Free consistently seems like a decent number. Anyway I don't think Dep arture comes to the same number of likely customers as they could. Other than having the option to join to be an advisor I didn't see a spot to enroll for new advancements or get email notices, or if there was a spot it was difficult to get to. They are relying upon new enrollment to get the message out. Despite the fact that Departure has been around for quite a while, I have had not many communications with its products.In giving a Departure a rating for mouse clicks I would need to give it a 4 since I tried to examine a greater amount of the organization and item however my general rating would have been Overall I feel that Departure focuses on the business person rather than the buyer. They despite everything execute the advertising blend approach however in an altogether different manner than Rubberier. They need the buyer to sell the item for them and spread the item by listening in on others' conversations and in home deals, though Rubberier concentrated on helpfully selling and generally from nearby stores. Flight was intriguing however I figure Rubberier made a superior Showing.

History and Social Science Annotated Biblio and Critical Analysis Paper Essay Example

History and Social Science Annotated Biblio and Critical Analysis Paper Essay Commented on Bibliography and Critical Analysis Paper Cheirieamour Smith MTE/531 November 29, 2010 David White Theme: The Thirteen Colonies Grade: 4 (b) Knowledge and aptitudes. (1) History. The understudy comprehends the circumstances and end results of European colonization in the United States. The understudy is required to: (A) clarify when, where, and why gatherings of individuals colonized and settled in the United States Annotated Bibliography Fradin, D. B. (2006). Defining moments in US History: Jamestown, Virginia. New York, NY: Benchmark Books. Rundown: This book depicts how European pioneers colonized America and established the main settlement of the New World, Jamestown. The book investigates the life of the pilgrims in Jamestown and the establishing father of the principal settlement. The writer centers around how the pioneers made due in the province and avoided assaults from the Indians who were at that point living on the land. The book experiences time following the historical backdrop of the early pioneers of the New World and the establishing and settling of Jamestown. The book tells how Jamestown made due as a state. The book portrays how the pioneers fabricated a fortress and other structure to shield their state from assault by the Indians. The creator discusses the tobacco cultivating which helped Jamestown endure and turn into a fruitful changeless province in the New World. This book is very much shown with brilliant propagation of print, paints and records from the time and settlement of Jamestown. The creator centers around the pioneers of the state, the hardships and how they remained solid and endure. This book will assist understudies with seeing the principal fruitful settlement to get changeless in the midst of the hardships. We will compose a custom article test on History and Social Science Annotated Biblio and Critical Analysis Paper explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on History and Social Science Annotated Biblio and Critical Analysis Paper explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on History and Social Science Annotated Biblio and Critical Analysis Paper explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The book offers a true fill of how provincial life was in the 1600 and 1700s. The book likewise envelops shading exchange boxes with extra verifiable realities and other fascinating realities and portions from real pioneers during that time. There are additionally maps for understudies to see where the Jamestown and different states settled and what they resemble today on the US map. Karwoski, G. (2001). Enduring Jamestown: The Adventures of Young Sam Collier. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree Publishers. Outline: This book gives an intriguing gander at the provincial occasions through the eyes of a little fellow, Sam Collier, who is amped up for making a trip to the New World. Sam Collier is student to John Smith, the originator of the primary settlement, Jamestown. In the book, Sam Collier is twelve years of age and he believes is the most fortunate kid on the planet since he gets the chance to travel to the New World and start another life. Sam discovers his excursion is shy of energizing because of brutal occasions and battle for endurance. With the settling of Jamestown, pioneers were ill-equipped. There was absence of food, the climate was cruel, numerous individuals kicked the bucket, and the pilgrims were assaulted by the Indians who were at that point there. This book gives an initial investigate Jamestown, the main state settled in the New World. The setting of the story begins in England and ventures into the New World when Sam Collier, John Smith, and different pioneers showed up. There is contention all through the book in light of the fact that the author of Jamestown, John Smith isn't trusted by different pioneers so this causes struggle. What's more, Sam begins to think about whether he settled on the correct choice to go to the New World. The book is loaded up with bright delineations and maps of the course ventured out to the New World. In spite of the fact that this a fiction book and it investigates the pioneer times, the â€Å"Author’s Note† gives explanation of what is truth and what is fiction in the book. This a decent book for youthful perusers to help with understanding the provincial time through the eyes of a multi year old kid. Masoff, J. (2000). Annal Of America: Colonial Times, 1600-1700. New York, NY: Scholastic. Synopsis: This book investigates what it resembled during the frontier times when pilgrims went to the New World. The book gives an alternate perspective on the frontier times from movement abroad the boat, the principal pilgrims, food, work, hardship, infection, instruction, and where the new pioneers lived. To help with rising oneself into the content, the creator ses photos and delineations from living galleries and valid authentic reenactments to show how frontier individuals lived in the 1600 and 1700s. The creator doesn't simply talk about names of the individuals who approach sink into the New World yet explains to how and why the New World was settled. The creator is exceptionally nitty gritty in depicting how things were for the pilgrims. The creator even inc orporates the hardships pilgrims and their families confronted when they showed up in the New World, for example, the passing of numerous pioneers because of ailment. There is such a great amount of data in the book and the writer furnishes the peruser with inquiries to start each new theme in the book. This will assist perusers with basic reasoning. The book has hued sidebars with much all the more intriguing data and authentic realities about pilgrim times and exercises to attempt with the class. McGovern, A. (1992). On the off chance that You Lived In Colonial Times (second ed. ). New York, NY: Scholastic. Synopsis: This book discusses what life resembled in pilgrim times for little youngsters and young men. It portrays what day to day environments resembled in the New England states, what kind of garments young ladies and young men wore, where they went to class, their propensities and habits, how they played, their homes, and food they ate. This is a decent book to help with acquainting how America happened with youthful students and starting perusers. This book will assist understudies with investigating and envision life as pilgrim little youngsters and young men. The creator furnishes fantastic representations with the assistance of the artist, June Otani, portraying what life looked like in the New England states. The photos help little youngsters and young men see what little youngsters and young men resembled in the pilgrim times. The creator works superbly addressing inquiries regarding what little youngsters and young men did doing pilgrim times. Alongside the inquiries replied about pioneer times, this is a decent book to help present youthful perusers the pilgrim times. This bright book gives little youngsters and young men and chance to live at the time of the pioneer period and increase a superior comprehension of American history. Aristocrat, M. T. (2003). History Pockets: Colonial America. Monterey, CA: Evan-Moor Corp. Rundown: This is a movement book that permits understudies to go through the period of the pilgrim times. The book gives realities about the pilgrim time. This book likewise gives hands on way to deal with finding out about pilgrim times. With help from the instructor, understudies make pockets for their undertakings through provincial occasions. The pockets are produced using development paper and are housed with data about provincial occasions and the exercises understudies total as they travel through the frontier time. The creator gives an extraordinary open door that places understudies in the pilgrim time. The understudies are reproducing their own rendition of the book and taking excursions through the frontier period with the assistance of the writer. The book additionally offers an open door for understudies do exercises related with the provincial time. Each pocket has a reference page about every action to be finished, quick actuality data about the time in frontier time, a prologue to the pilgrim times page, and an about page for every period examined in the book. For instance, if the conversation is about schools during the pioneer period, the about sheet will say ‘About School† and the movement is related with that point. Understudies will have made their own arrangement of the frontier times for future review. This book doesn't simply give thrilling exercises to learning; there is an assessment sheet for educators toward the finish of the book to survey understanding of the data learned. Basic Analysis Paper Colonial occasions were a significant part in history that prompted what is currently the United States of America. Journeys to the New World assisted with shaping of the thirteen settlements. Huge numbers of the states were established on the reason of strict opportunity, a point frequently escaped in homerooms today. Pioneers of the New World searched out a superior life liberated from strict mistreatment in England. Conversation of the establishing of the thirteen settlements makes for a lot of basic reasoning. With the goal for understudies to see how and why the states were framed they need to step in reverse a couple of steps and find out about the numerous journeys made to America. When this has been practiced this at that point opens the entryway for what turned into the thirteen provinces in the New World. A couple of titles have been decided to assist understudies with lowering themselves into understanding pioneer America. The titles picked are proper and appropriate for grades running from fourth through 6th grade. Alongside the history course reading these titles can assist understudies with understanding the pioneer period and give hands on way to deal with finding out about what life resembled in the pilgrim time. â€Å"If You Lived in Colonial Times† is a decent opener for acquainting the pilgrim time with youthful students. This book is useful for demonstrating youthful students about how small kids lived during pioneer times. This book additionally will help with opening students’ minds up to the idea that during that time youngsters were very little unique in relation to today’s times.

Being Sick at the Institute

Being Sick at the Institute Hello friends, As you can guess from the title of this post I am sick. What a joy it has been to experience illness during the first two full weeks of class at MIT (rather than three weeks earlier before we started class???? Like what??) (It’s apparent that disease does not know the registrar’s academic calendar) (life has its own messy timeline, which isfun) Unfortunately, not only am/was I sick. I was really, really sick. I’m still not exactly sure what I had, but I was basically either in bed or at MIT Medical for four days straight (and therefore, not in class, lab, or recitation). I’ve only really caught up in 6.042 (Math for Computer Science), I have no idea what’s going on in 6.006 (Algorithms), and “The First Law of Thermodynamics” (which is the subtitle of this post when said by someone with a stuffy nose) is a real mystery to me, because I haven’t really gotten my life together in 2.05 (Thermodynamics) either. Oh, and of course, there’s a midterm next week in that class. I’m incredibly thankful, though, that I wasn’t so seriously ill that I was hospitalized, which has happened to people at MIT. At some point during the worst of my fever, I was definitely thinking about how to graduate on time if this was as seriously awful as I felt in the moment. But it wasn’t. And that’s a lot to be grateful for, even if I forgot it occasionally while in the frenzy of trying to catch up. I’ve never been this sick while at MIT, but during my sophomore fall, I was definitely not healthy. I was taking 6.005, 2.001, and 2.086 which (though I didn’t know it at the time) is possibly one of the WORST combinations of classes I could have chosen to take all at the same time, in addition to my UROP at the Media Lab, the Muti Water Project, Chinese Students Club, joining Delta Phi Epsilon, and a community service work study I of course did the thing all incredibly intelligent, talented, knowledgeable MIT students might do, which was not sleep. You’d be surprised how many incredibly intelligent, talented, knowledgeable MIT students don’t really believe in the basic idea that Sleep Is Important(!) until they stop doing it. This was me. I wasn’t sleeping properly for about a month, maybe two. I had 6, 5, 4 hours of sleep a night, sometimes less. What was bad was actually not the one or two nights with only 3 or 4 hours. What was bad was that this habit of not sleeping eventually became a trend instead of just an occasional thing. It got to the point that I simply could not sleep well, even if I wanted to, such as on weekends. I could only get a maximum of 6 hours; I’d be waking up in the middle of the night, or couldn’t fall asleep when I tried. This led to even more sleep deprivation, which came with a lot of other fun side effects like paranoia and terrible judgement. For example, I’d get so worried about my work that I’d set an alarm for 6AM on a Saturday when really, it would have been smarter to sleep and get some efficiency back. I also got so inefficient with my work, and so sleep deprived, that the obvious solution to me was to sleep even less because it took me longer to do my work, so I’d wake up earlier and earlier or go to bed later and later in order to finish it. Eventually, as you might guess, this whole work model collapsed on itself, in a very, very bad way. There was one day that was just kind of the last straw. I’d slept for only 4 hours. I was so sleep deprived and exhausted that I couldn’t readI would stare at the 6.005 problem statement in front of me and forget the word I’d just read as soon as I looked at the next one. I tried to take a nap, but I was too nervous and uncomfortable. I was distraught with thinking about all the work I had to do, which I felt like I just couldn’t finish. At night that day, I found myself (most unfortunately) crying in a bathroom in New House. I called one of my closest friends, Kayla T. ‘18. I went to Simmons where she lived, and where I’d lived my freshmen year, to talk to the amazing RLAD, Joshua Gonzalez, who I’d also known while I lived at Simmons. I was hysterical, sitting in his office, explaining what had happened and how not sleeping had led to the situation I was in that night. I remember thinking, I’m not sick, but I’m definitely not healthy.. Josh gently told me he would schedule an appointment at S^3, and told me to go home, sleep, and not worry about anything. We would figure it out, together, he said. I think I felt the most relieved that I’d ever felt in my whole life. Fast forward to this year. Surprise surprise, being sick, unhealthy, or having other life-related struggles on top of school still sucks. On Monday of last week, I started having a fever in the afternoon. I checked my temperature and it was 102F. Having learned from my previous mistakes, I did all the right things: napped, drank lots of fluids, didn’t do anything that wasn’t absolutely due the next day and went to bed early. On Tuesday, having taken some Advil, I thought I was at least mostly over it. But in the afternoon, I started feeling awful again, left class early, and went to MIT Medical. What followed was four lovely days spent almost entirely in bed with a high fever, getting over what I learned was probably some kind of bacterial infection. But, when before, I might have just panicked (ok, I did panic a little bit) since I’d had the experiences of sophomore year, I addressed my situation as quickly as possible, which happens to be much more productive than just panicking. I’m not gonna liesimply managing my illness, aka writing all the emails and going to all the relevant offices to make sure that my professors/course staff knew I was sick and could grant some extensions, was still quite a task, particularly while I was feeling pretty awful. But I’m glad that I at least knew how to go about it, and felt comfortable doing so. Currently, I’m still pretty stressed out about having been/being sick. I have a ton of makeup work, career fair is tomorrow, life is sad, and I sort of want to give up. This year was starting out so great(!) and then, right at the beginning to knock out all this enthusiasm early, I got so sick. But, a significant improvement is that I am not crying in a bathroom, and I’m handling it. I got a question earlier this week via email that said, “What’s it like being in the hardest engineering program in the whole world?” I don’t remember what I responded with, but now I think I’d say that, like many hard things, most of the time it’s not that dramatic. Even failure is not often that dramaticit’s not always some big thing that stops you in your tracks that you couldn’t overcome, it’s just tiny things that pile up. Success can be viewed similarlysometimes, it’s just getting through every week, every day, minute by minute. It’s all those little, painful minutes that I got through that brought me to where I am now. And, Ive almost never had to do things completely by myself either (in the worst case, theres always calling my mom wholl listen to me vent) and it’s not expected to be all by yourself, which is why it’s important to ask for help when you need i t. Today is not the best day in the history of ever, no. But I’m getting through it as best I can, and I know that it’s not going to last forever. I’ll get to the other side of this chaos eventually, however many minutes it will take.

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Comparison Of Newspaper Websites - 848 Words

Looking at the home pages of three major news organizations, the New York Times, The Montreal Gazette, and the Guardian, it can be noted that there are quite a few similarities. All three of the websites have a very similar home page, with large bolded headlines, and pictures. Although all three sites have a tab bar at the top of their webpages, it should be recognized that the tabs of the Montreal Gazette do not contain an easily accessible world news button. Both the New York Times and the Guardian feature both National and World news on their main page. However, the Montreal Gazette features mostly local news and sports related news. It’s fascinating to see how these three major news organizations frame their sites differently. The†¦show more content†¦This is done through the process of framing, which is a term that became popular between the 1970s and the 1990s. In today’s day and age, it is extremely difficult to find sources that don’t contain som e form of bias due to the way an article is framed, practically every news outlet is guilty of agenda-setting and framing. When reading the NY Times’ article on Henry Weinstein it is obvious that there is a potential for bias based on the fact that the investigation that uncovered this information was conducted by the NY Times themselves. â€Å"The sexual harassment allegations uncovered by The Times stretched back decades and came from actresses as well as former employees of the Weinstein Company and Miramax† (Twohey 2017). This article is driven by harsh words and phrases, all highlighting Weinstein’s guilt. Ms. Konner said, this event will â€Å"scare any man in Hollywood using his power for anything but making movies and television.† In the Montreal Gazette, the article focusing on Harvey Weinstein’s sexual assault charges begins with a bold, straightforward title. It is stated right at the start that Harvey Weinstein’s employment with Weinstein Co. has been terminated immediately due to accusations that he has â€Å"Sexually harassed women for decades† (Astor, 2017). The article seems relatively straight to the point at first glance, however, as one continues to read, it can be noticed that the writing style demonstrates a sense of indifference, with vagueShow MoreRelatedThe Attitude Toward The Publication Of Ugc900 Words   |  4 PagesIn terms of the attitude toward the publication of UGC, this dissertation begins by reviewing publication in print. There were 340 community newspaper website managers who answered the question about the importance generally of publishing UGC. Of those 134, 39.4% of respondents stated publishing UGC was very important, 117, which represents 34.4% stated it w as important, only 3 respondents stated that it was unimportant to allow the public the opportunity to submit UGC. Overall, there were 30 respondentsRead MoreMedia Comparison Paper737 Words   |  3 PagesMedia Comparison Paper Since we have had to make choices and distinguish between one thing and another all of our lives, most of us like to see how others make their decisions. We especially appreciate this strategy if it helps us or informs us in some way. This paper is based on the media of comparing a newspaper ad to the internet ad. When you asked us to write a Compare and Contrast paper, I did not exactly know what you meant. After researching both concepts I learned about new things, ourRead MoreUrban vs. Rural Education1412 Words   |  6 PagesEach chapter provided statistics that allowed unbiased comparison of the two social structures, both rural and urban. For example, Rural Teachers and Schools, by Dale Ballou and Michael Podgursky, provided statistical charts comparing ratios of students to teachers, teacher pay, characteristics of full-time teachers, and teacher assessment of school problems and organization, for rural and urban schools. Another essay provided comparisons of achievements scores for both math and reading, and gradesRead MoreThe, The And, And The United Arab Emirates And United States Is Writing About The Isis Situation924 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. Methods One of the biggest newspapers in France is France 24, which broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week to 250 million TV households in 177 countries around the world (France 24, 2014). Their website I used to find my articles had 24 million visits a month and its published both in English and French. In United Arab Emirates one of the biggest newspaper is the Khaleej Times, which is an English language newspaper published in the United Arab Emirates (United ArabRead More The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media1550 Words   |  7 Pagesthe print media. This essay will investigate the influence and impact of current technology of the electronic media and World Wide Web on print media, and how future developments in technology will affect the future direction of the traditional newspaper. The way in which â€Å"Bloggers† have influenced traditional journalism will also be explored and how this has affected the journalism profession. 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News content can now be streamed on any technological device, therefore the news can be now be carried around and checked at anytime and anywhere in theRead MoreInfluence Of Tourism On The Destination Being Advertised By Wendy Hesford And Brenda Brueggemann1652 Words   |  7 PagesTourism websites often glaze over the potential dangers or drawbacks of the destination being advertised as a method to entice travelers to visit. Advertisers provide tourists with both excitement and comfort by balancing the portrayal of differences and similarities between destinations and western-civilization which are both tactics depicted by Wendy Hesford and Bren da Brueggemann in Travelling Gazes: Shaping Mobile Identities. Elements of style are also used in advertisements to lure touristsRead MoreCause of Pollution in Bangkok964 Words   |  4 Pageshave newspaper become an outdated source of information? 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Discovering Computer Free Essays

Discovering Computers ? Chapter 1 : Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computer Describe the categories of computers Identify the components of a computer Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Discuss various computer applications in society Identify the elements of an information system Describe the various types of computer users Distinguish between system software and application software Next A World of Computers What is computer literacy (digital literacy)? Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses ? Computers are everywhere Next What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined? ? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Processes data into information Conveys meaning and is useful to people Accepts data Collection of unprocessed item s Produces and stores results Next What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? ? ? ? ? ? Input Process Output Storage Communication Next The Components of a Computer What is an input device? ? Hardware used to enter data and instructions Next The Components of a Computer What is an output device? ? Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Next The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data ? Next The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Processor Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions Next The Components of a Computer What is storage? ? Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from storage media Next The Components of a Computer What is a USB flash drive? ?Portable storage device ? Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket ? The average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters Next The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? ? Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive ? Most are housed inside the system unit Next The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? ? Flat, round, portable metal disc ? ? CD DVD Next The Components of a Computer What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media Next Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the advantages of using computers? Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications Next Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Health Risks Impact on Environment Next Networks and the Internet What is a network? ? Collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly Used to share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data Information Saves time and money Next Networks and the Internet What is a server? ? A server controls access to resources on a network ? Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server Next Networks and the Internet What is the Internet? ? Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Next Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? 1. Communications 2. Research and Information 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Discovering Computer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music 8. Share Information Next Networks and the Internet What is the Web? ? Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages A blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format Next Computer Software What is software? Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it Also called a program Next Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? ? Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons ? Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information Next Computer Software What is system software? ? Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS) s a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Next Computer Software What is application software? ? Programs designed to make users more productive Word Processing Database Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Next Computer Software How do you install and run programs? Next Computer Software JavaScript What is a programmer? ? Someone who develops software ? Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information Web application Next Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers (desktop) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers Next Personal Computers What are the two most popular styles of personal computers? ? PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system ? Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) Next Personal Computers What is a desktop computer? ? Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer? ? Portable, small enough to fit on your lap ? Also called a laptop computer ? Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a Tablet PC? ? Resembles a letter-sized slate ? Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen ? Especially useful for taking notes Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are mobile devices? Small enough to carry in a pocket Internet-enabled telephone is a â€Å"smart phone† Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? ? Provides personal organizer functions ? ? ? ? ? Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad Next Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are smart phones? Next Game Consoles What are game consoles? Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games Next Servers What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations Next Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer? ? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Next Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? ? ? ? ? ? Hardware Software Data People Procedures Next Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? ? Personal finance management ? Web access ? Communications ? Entertainment Next Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? ? ? ? Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail Next Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user? ? Hardware ? ? ? ? Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones ? Software ? ? ? Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics software Next Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user? ? Speed and large amounts of storage ? Types of power u sers ? ? ? ? ? Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists Next Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? ? ? ? Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop publishing Next Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing Next Summary of Introduction to Computers Basic computer concepts The term, computer The uses of the Internet Computer software Categories of computers Types of computer users Computer applications in society The components of a computer The advantages and disadvantages of using computers The purpose of a network Chapter 1 Complete How to cite Discovering Computer, Papers

Employee Acceptance Unified Communications -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Employee Acceptance Unified Communications? Answer: Introduction: The introduction of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the mode of operation of the organisations (Bloom et al. 2014). The organisations operation achieves simplification, and their productivity gets enhanced. However, if the technology is not appropriately adopted, it can prove to be a great trouble and stressful for the organisation (Lee and Lee 2015). The subject of the report is Curtain Co. who had a bitter experience with the technological adaptation. The deemed report is devised to supervise and guide the subject towards the benefits offered by the network infrastructure. While designing the report it has been kept in mind to keep the language understandable for the corporate people. After reading the report, the readers will be able to understand about network infrastructure and the benefit offered by them. An insight into the network service has also been offered by the in the report along with the services that the deemed organisation can adopt. Final ly, the report has been concluded with the data processing facilities along with discussion over data storage solutions and data processing model. Appropriate recommendations on the technological adaptations have been made depending on the needs of the deemed organisation Curtain Co. Network Infrastructure: The software and hardware resources of an organisation together form the network infrastructure of the organisation (Vange et al. 2015). The role of the network here is to enable connectivity, communication, management and operations of the organisation (Ramachandran et al. 2012). The deemed infrastructure offers communicative services and channel among the users, services, operations, external networks (internet) and applications. The most relatable components of the network infrastructure have been discussed in the following subsections along with the organisational benefits they offer. Network Convergence and Unified Communications: Network convergence refers to the mode where multiple communicative techniques like video communication, telephonic communication and data communication co-exist within the network. The reason for making the multiple communicative modes co-exist is to earn flexibility and convenience that is commonly not offered through separate infrastructure (Kinne 2013). Multiple other benefits are offered by a converged network of which some has been mentioned as follows. Less spacious and cost-efficient: Converging of the network enables equipping of less hardware to operate the same workload while supporting energy-efficient and smaller data centre devices. Smartness to the systems: The organisational system enjoys enhanced efficiency from both business and technological perspective through centralising the management of the IT resources, system consolidation, resource utilisation rate boosts and cost reduction. UC or unified communication is equipped by the organisations to enhance the productivity, collaboration and communication of the organisation. To achieve the described objective UC integrates the communication services that consists of instant messaging, audio, video web conferencing, presence information and others together (Silic, Back and Sammer 2017). Multiple organisational benefits are offered by unifying of the communication mediums, some of the priors are mentioned as follows: Freedom to work: Unifying of the communicative system offers flexibility of communication from anywhere at any hour. This freedom can prove to be of great significance for Curtain Co. as their units are spread throughout the country with three different time zones. Enhanced Security: All the communicative mediums are unified as one, and thus, the organisation will need to monitor only a single channel that minimises the chance of trespassing or whistleblowing from within the organisation. Information safekeeping: Unified communication replaces the multiple bills for communicative modes from the vendors to a single bill from the vendor providing unified communication. Other records are also merged as one for a complex free and resilient safekeeping. LAN Types: The method of connecting computers and other devices in a small geographical location (a campus or a building) is known as Local Area Networking or abbreviated as LAN (Mahalingam et al. 2014). The deemed networking type offers high speed along with the ease of implementation at cost-efficient rates. The LAN can be sub-categorised in two different categories, the first being wired LAN and the second and is wireless LAN (wLAN). The former use cables as the mode of communication channel and the data are transmitted through the channel. The following types of cables can be equipped to act as the data communication channel. Unshielded Twisted Pair Shielded Twisted Pair Multi-Mode Fibre Single Mode Fibre While for the wLAN the air or open space is the communication channel. Unlike the wired mode the talked about system offers flexibility of the connected device within its domain. It is recommended that the organisation equip both the mode of LAN. The reason for stating the same lies on the fact that due to some physical error the wired LAN may stop operation and interference from other waves will affect the quality of wLAN. Hence, it is recommended to keep both the modes as a contingency for the other. WAN: In the deemed case the subject needs communication that extends throughout Australia and hence they need the type of networking that will enable them to communicate to its branches. LAN is suitable for other networking needs, however; its limited range is an issue for the subject. WAN can sort the domain problem of the organisation. Wide Area network abbreviated as WAN is the mode of networking with a vast domain. The domain of the WAN services can extend from a state to entire world (Bitar, Gringeri and Xia 2013). The benefits of the WAN network are not limited to the domain only; it also offers centralisation of IT infrastructure that is the organisation will have to set up only one data storage facility at the headquarter and it will manage the rest. Other benefits include privacy enhancement as the information is transmitted through the WAN channel instead of the internet. However, for Curtain Co., the most suited mode of networking will be a combination of LAN and WAN. The diagr am below suggests the network infrastructure for Curtain Co that is a combination of LAN and WAN. The LAN is equipped for operational purpose within the organisations branches and for inter-branch communication the small LANs are merged to establish a WAN. IP DNS Management: IP management system allows the user optimisation of the IP addresses that are being used in a network (Sparks, Roach and Campen 2014). The talked about management solution also offers interaction between other systems and protocols of the network to maintain a balance between them. The management of the IP will enable the organisation to keep track of all the activities being performed through an IP address and thus prevent many undesired able situations. On the other hand, DNS is the method through which a user is enabled to navigate the servers using a name instead of the code (Ordua-Malea and Lpez-Czar 2015). Hence, it is more important to manage the former to prevent any leakage of data or whistleblowing. However, other advantages are also offered by the same like rerouting of traffic in case it exceeds the limit, prevention of interruption and global monitoring of the organisational informational assets. Network Services: Multiple network services are available in the commercial market for the organisational use, and they are simplifying the organisational operations. Some of the considered services that can prove to be of great significance for the organisation has been discussed as follows: Voice over IP: Voice over IP as abbreviated as VoIP offers the users to advantage of making calls by use of the broadband over conventional phone systems that operate using analogue methods (Carter 2012). The mode of call is not limited to voice calls only but also offers the advantage of communication through video and instant messaging mode as well. The talked about systems advantage is not just limited to offering multiple modes of communication on a single unit but also offers a cost advantage over the primitive mode of communicational techniques. VOIP also offers the advantage of accessing the service of VoIP from remote locations, if the user has access to a communication channel along with the credentials to log in to the server. Email: Electronic mail or email is the process that enables the exchange of information through electronic devices. Adopting the deemed network service will offer the organisation with lots of benefits and opportunity that have been mentioned as follows. First and foremost, to its advantage is that it provides communicative ease to the users and can also be used for collaborative communication as it enables sharing of information to multiple users (Mark, Voila and Cardello 2012). The considered service saves the expenditure on the stationary items and on posting the mails consisting of essential documents and others while offering sustainable physical security. The service can also assist the organisation in marketing as email marketing is one of the most popular marketing methods in existence. Extranet: The talked about network service is a form of intranet (restricted and private network) that can be accessed with limited accessibility by the stakeholders on receiving credentials from the organisation (Sun et al. 2012) The foremost advantage that the organisation will gain on equipping the service is that of safekeeping of the personal and stakeholders information which can also be manipulated when needed. The controls of the network are withheld to the organisation which reduces the chances of errors. The organisation can also earn a sense of credibility for the organisation as the former is giving them access to their server. Supply chain management of the organisation also earns a positive boost from an adaptation of the considered system. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): The talked about network service is a network management protocol equipped for gathering information from and configuring various network devices such as servers, hubs, router, switches and other on an IP network (Hale 2012). The considered service offers the benefit of establishing a secure connection between the headquarter and other units of Curtain Co. The considered network service also offers the advantage of keeping track of the attempts made to hijack the network. The service also offers certain other minor benefits of keeping track of the consumables. Data processing Facilities: Colocation Data Centre: Data centre is the term that is used for the facility (a group of networked storage and servers) that the organisations use for the purpose of storing, processing or even distribution of data in bulk amount. Thus colocation refers to the data centre that is used by more than one organisation for its networking accessibility (Chang and Wills 2016). The colocation data centres benefit can be classified into following three categories: Scalability: The colocation data centres offer scalability to the organisation that is the organisation can change accordingly with its need. Sustainability: The considered solution also offers sustainability by safekeeping the informational resource while maintaining its operations by minimising the power, network and others lose along with substantial cost savings. Cost: Colocation centre offers high security because it holds accountability towards the organisation associated with it. Storage Area Network (SAN): Decusatis, Carranza and DeCusatis (2012) have quoted SAN as the network that offers access to block-level, consolidated data storage. The talked about storage solution is primarily adapted for the purpose of enhancing storage devices (disk arrays, optical jukeboxes and tape libraries) to the servers. The above mentioned process is done to make the devices appear as locally attached device for the operating system. Like the data centre, SAN also offers scalability option to the organisation along with an isolated data keeping and performance. The talked about solution also offers long distance connectivity and centralising of the database while offering a disaster recovery option. Cloud: Cloud computing has proven to be the most desired preference for the current commercial market. The reason for the such a high demand for the talked about solution lies in its attributes. The data in the considered model is saved in a remote server of cloud vendor that can be accessed through the internet. The cloud servers use the virtualisation techniques (Yang and Jia 2013). Another reason for the desirability for the talked about storage solution is the benefits offered by it. The first and foremost advantage offered by the talked about service is the saving offered by the same in saving the physical space and cost saved in maintaining and implementation of the solution. The storage solution also offers high security if offered from an appropriate vendor. Cloud vendors like Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Apple store the data in layers on multiple that makes it difficult for the trespasser to hack in (Chang and Wills 2016). The storage solution can easily be accessible by th e organisations headquarter and units with appropriate authorisation. All the benefits offered by the considered solution makes it most suitable for the considered firm, however, the latter need to keep consideration of the cloud vendor. Distributed Database: The considered solution uses multiple computers that can be located at same or geographically dispersed locations (however must be internetworked) to store the data. It makes the data secure and out of reach from the cyber attackers (Abadi 2012). The discussed solution also offers advantages like reliability, enhanced performance, cost savings and others. Though it is recommended over the cloud storage solution because the data will be stored at multiple units of the organisation and the employees will have access to it which increases the chance of whistleblowing or leakage of data. Data processing Model: Client server (C/S) model: Oluwatosin (2014) has stated that the discussed server model is an interactive server framework where the user posts the query and the server responds accordingly. The benefits offered by the discussed model includes strong security along with backup and in undesired situation s recovery of the information. It also enables centralisation of the controls which in response enhances the overall productivity of the organisation. Peer-to-Peer (P2P): The discussed solution is the most suitable for the considered organisation as the server connects the computing devices in peers that enable continued operation of all the units of the organisation in case of failure of one server. In the C/S model, the centralisation of controls can lead to situations where the failure of the central server to crash the operations of the headquarter along with all the units but P2P is immune to the discussed situation (Mayer et al. 2013). The advantage of the considered server model also offers minimisation of the bills and others. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that technological adaptation is a necessary measure for the organisations to maintain their position in the competitive market. However, selection of appropriate network infrastructure is mandatory for an organisation otherwise, the former can prove to be of high annoyance for the organisation. Hence, the discussed report has offered a brief overview of the factors that need to be considered before building the network infrastructure of the organisation. It has also discussed the various advantage that different networking services, storage solutions and server models can offer to the organisation. The above mentioned measure has been achieved by evaluating multiple options available for each of the discussed topic and making appropriate recommendations for the discussed organisation Curtain Co. The recommendations are offered based on the requirements of the deemed organisation along with its experience with an adaptation of the technology in its ope rations. Hence, the report can be emphasised to state that the organisation should not omit technological adaptation into its organisational operations due to its previous experience instead should devise an appropriate infrastructure for the same and gain a competitive advantage in the market. References Abadi, D., 2012. Consistency tradeoffs in modern distributed database system design: CAP is only part of the story.Computer,45(2), pp.37-42. Bitar, N., Gringeri, S. and Xia, T.J., 2013. Technologies and protocols for data center and cloud networking.IEEE Communications Magazine,51(9), pp.24-31. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,60(12), pp.2859-2885. Can, A.B. and Bhargava, B., 2013. Sort: A self-organizing trust model for peer-to-peer systems.IEEE transactions on dependable and secure computing,10(1), pp.14-27. Carter, S., 2012. E911 VoIP Essentials for Enterprise Depoloyments.XO Communications, LLC. Chang, V. and Wills, G., 2016. A model to compare cloud and non-cloud storage of Big Data.Future Generation Computer Systems,57, pp.56-76. Decusatis, C.J.S., Carranza, A. and DeCusatis, C.M., 2012. Communication within clouds: open standards and proprietary protocols for data center networking.IEEE Communications Magazine,50(9). Hale, B., 2012. Network ManagementBack to the Basics.Solarwinds Whitepaper,16. Kinne, B.J., 2013. IGO membership, network convergence, and credible signaling in militarized disputes.Journal of Peace Research,50(6), pp.659-676. Lee, I. and Lee, K., 2015. The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises.Business Horizons,58(4), pp.431-440. Mahalingam, M., Dutt, D., Duda, K., Agarwal, P., Kreeger, L., Sridhar, T., Bursell, M. and Wright, C., 2014.Virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN): A framework for overlaying virtualized layer 2 networks over layer 3 networks(No. RFC 7348). Mark, G., Voida, S. and Cardello, A., 2012, May. A pace not dictated by electrons: an empirical study of work without email. InProceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems(pp. 555-564). ACM. Mayer, P., Klarl, A., Hennicker, R., Puviani, M., Tiezzi, F., Pugliese, R., Keznikl, J. and Bures?, T., 2013, September. The autonomic cloud: a vision of voluntary, peer-2-peer cloud computing. InSelf-Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops (SASOW), 2013 IEEE 7th International Conference on(pp. 89-94). IEEE. Ordua-Malea, E. and Lpez-Czar, E.D., 2015. The dark side of Open Access in Google and Google Scholar: the case of Latin-American repositories.Scientometrics,102(1), pp.829-846.Oluwatosin, H.S., 2014. Client-server model.IOSRJ Comput. Eng,16(1), pp.2278-8727. Ramachandran, S., Tyagi, P., Mallesan, S., Kulshreshtha, G., Shetty, S., Raman, R. and Bhatia, M., Genband Us Llc, 2012.Voice over IP (VoIP) network infrastructure components and method. U.S. Patent 8,194,640. Silic, M., Back, A. and Sammer, T., 2017. Employee acceptance and use of unified communications and collaboration in a cross-cultural environment. InRemote Work and Collaboration: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice(pp. 1-22). IGI Global. Sparks, R.J., Roach, A.B. and Campen, B., Tekelec, 2014.Methods, systems, and computer readable media for throttling traffic to an internet protocol (IP) network server using alias hostname identifiers assigned to the IP network server with a domain name system (DNS). U.S. Patent 8,645,565. Sun, Y., Wang, N., Shen, X.L. and Zhang, J.X., 2015. Location information disclosure in location-based social network services: Privacy calculus, benefit structure, and gender differences.Computers in Human Behavior,52, pp.278-292. Vange, M., Plumb, M., Kouts, M. and Wilson, G.S., Circadence Corp, 2015.System and method for implementing application functionality within a network infrastructure. U.S. Patent 9,185,185. Yang, K. and Jia, X., 2013. An efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol for data storage in cloud computing.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(9), pp.1717-1726.

The Art of Children Theater

Cause of crime

Cause of crime Man and crime have coexisted throughout history. Nonetheless, traditional patterns guiding the transition from childhood to adulthood have changed. Moreover, there are limited opportunities for young people to explore. For instance, unemployment rates have skyrocketed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cause of crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, many youths are unable to cater for their basic needs. Poverty is, thus, one of the major causes of violent crimes. The proliferation of criminal gangs in my area of jurisdiction, as director of the county juvenile court, represents a nationwide problem. Therefore, all parties involved must redouble their efforts in dealing with juvenile deliquesces and other gang-related problems. This paper provides background information on the gang problem. In the 1990s, the rate of crime rose in most parts of the world (World Youth Report, 2003). Most of these crimes were related to youths. In Western Europe alone, the rate of juvenile delinquency increased by 50%. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) (n.d.), about 33,000 gangs operate across the US today. In addition, 48% of violent crimes are committed by gangs (FBI, n.d.). In some areas, the percentage is as high as 90%. It is also estimated that these gangs have 1.4 million members. Most of the groupings are well organized and use sophisticated strategies to run their illegal activities and control neighborhoods. Some of their ways of generating money include gun and drug trafficking, kidnapping and robbery. Before preventive programs are designed, reasons behind involvement of juveniles in crime must be understood (World Youth Report, 2003). One cannot effectively deal with a problem without knowing its root causes. According to the World Youth Report (2003), sociologists believe that juvenile delinquents commit minor to serious offences. Therefore, criminal gangs differ in th eir modes of operation. Consequently, gang problems must be solved by more than one strategy. For instance, some gangs commit status crimes. A status crime is a criminal offenses related to the age of a person (World Youth Report, 2003). Peer pressure is the main driver of status crime. Sociologists use such issues to connect youth behaviors with their surroundings in an attempt to explain their actions. African American neighborhoods have the highest number of criminal gangs. This trend is associated with institutional discrimination. For instance, about one third of African Americans are born in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these neighborhoods are faced with innumerable social-economic hardships.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The number of African Americans who can be categorized as middle class by either income levels or education is low compared to other ethnic g roups. Although their social-economic status is improving, African Americans sit at the bottom of the ethnic hierarchy (pear, 2013). Structural discrimination and lack of opportunities lead to disruptive internal behavioral patterns among African Americans. Some of these behaviors include prostitution and crime. On top, these behaviors have negative impacts on their socio-economic mobility. Proliferation of criminal gangs is brought about by socio-economic problems. According to pear (2013), in the last two years, ethnic groups with low incomes experienced a steeper drop in their incomes than those with high incomes. Undoubtedly, African Americans were the most affected. Accordingly, most gang members are African Americans. Nonetheless, criminal gangs traverse across ethnic barriers and their activities are diverse and complicated. Dismantling these gangs requires joint efforts from the community, law enforcers, courts and other stakeholders. In fact, everybody has a role to play if this problem is to be eradicated. References Federal Bureau of Investigations (n.d.). Gangs: They poison our streets with drugs, violence, and all manner of crime. Web. Pear, R. (2013, August 21). Median income rises, but is still 6% below level at start of recession in ’07. The New York Times. Web. World Youth Report (2003). Juvenile delinquency. Web.

An Attack against the Iraqi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Attack against the Iraqi - Essay Example He possesses the weapons of mass murder. He agrees -- he agreed to disarm Iraq of these weapons as a condition for ending the Gulf War over a decade ago. The United Nations Security Council, in Resolution 1441, has declared Iraq in material breach of its longstanding obligations, demanding once again Iraq's full and immediate disarmament, and promised serious consequences if the regime refused to comply. That resolution was passed unanimously and its logic is inescapable; the Iraqi regime will disarm itself, or the Iraqi regime will be disarmed by force. And the regime has not disarmed itself. Following these assertions, the Iraq war falls between the difficult and easier to justify preemptive strike categories. President Bush cites instances when Iraq refused to comply with disarmament as determined by the UN Security Council. However, he does not give concrete evidence that such weapons have been discovered in Iraq. In hindsight, weapons of mass destruction were not uncovered on Iraqi soil, therefore nullifying the Bush Administration’s claims to a legitimate preemptive strike. The preemptive strike of 1967 completed by Israel falls into the easier to justify category. According to BBC.com, in 1965 Palestinian groups had begun a series of attacks that were backed by Egypt and Syria. In the following years, a buildup of Arab troops began to surround Israel. The build-up of troops and attacks two years earlier on the border demonstrate an intention for further military action against Israel. Troop movement and hostile rhetoric from the Egyptian President Abdel Nasser also fueled the perceived need for a preemptive strike by Israel. Moral issues also played a role in this strike. Jews were consistently persecuted in the region and this strike demonstrated their unwillingness to be taunted by their neighbors.  

Top Cinema & Sound term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Top Cinema & Sound term paper - Essay Example In this regard Ridley Scott’s Prometheus is a classic example. Prometheus is a science fiction genre movie released in 2012. Its stellar cast comprising of Charlize Theron, Noomi Rapace, Michael Fassbender and Idris Elba, mind blowing visual aesthetics and acoustics, and unusual directorial dynamics make it truly a worthwhile watch. This paper examines Prometheus from numerous perspectives including direction, sound design, visual effects and salient mise-en-scene features. Prometheus is set in late 21st century (year 2093) and therefore, a futuristic ambience is evident in the entire movie. A team of scientists embark on an expedition in Prometheus to a distant world, an Earth-sized moon LV223 orbiting around a gigantic planet, to find clues about the origin of mankind or the creator of human race called the Engineer. Eventually, the movie transforms into a battle for survival of mankind. Visual effects make the impact of a sci-fi movie extremely strong Prometheus is truly a stylistic movie in this aspect with its stunning visuals and CGI effects. The film is Scott’s first full 3D directorial attempt but it appears as if he is an expert in this domain. Scott’s finesse on the art becomes apparent right from the first frame where an inhuman character is shown seeding the Earth with life. The scene’s captivating impact has been enhanced by the cold and white atmosphere and audience instantly understand the theme of the movie. Sci-Fi genre is not about showcasing marvels of technology but about embodying it and employing a forward reach in both narration and technology (Whittington 115). In Prometheus the amalgamation of VFX and realism is brilliant as it ultimately creates a believable aura without bombarding the audience with excessive high-tech gadgetry and animation (Lambert 7). Prometheus has more than 1400 3D VFX or visual effects but the subtlety of VFX gets proven from

Reengineering and Code Migration Strategies

Reengineering and Code Migration Strategies GENERAL The most important quality of software reengineering is to improve or transformation of an existing software system so that it can be understood, controlled and user-friendly. Software is used to replace high software maintenance cost of the legacy systems. So software reengineering is more beneficial for recovering and reusing existing software assets, putting high software maintenance costs under control. It also establishes a base for future software evolution. There are several software reengineering process such as reverse engineering, re-documentation, restructuring, source code translation and forward reengineering. So we used software reengineering through source code translation process. For doing software reengineering through source code conversion there are several conversion tools, these tools used to translate a code written in one language to another language. We decided to convert software developed in C++ language into java language because java more suitable for internet, more reliable, platform independent etc.There are various source code translation tools such as Tangible software solution In, Ephedra; novo soft’s C2J++, C2J and so on. We used tangible software solution Inc tool to convert a source code written in C++ language into java programming language. It has been found that java based source code is much better than C++. There are several reason for that such as less execution time as well less complexity. The essence of software reengineering is to reuse the existing code of legacy system because the original expense of developing the logic and the component of the software should not be wasted. In this Dissertation software reengineering through source code translation is used. The experimental results are better. As explanation in java language specification, java is related to C and C++ but there are some important and noticeable differences that pose some problems in a migration from C++ to Java. The biggest difference is that C++ is not a complete object oriented language as that of java. Java is the platform independent programming language means it does not need specific platform for run.So it is very hard problem to translate a C++ code into a java code because there is no any specific tool that can convert a given C++ code into java code without any manual work because both the syntax and semantics is required to convert. We also used to change the paradigm which is necessary to move from C++ to java. KEY POINTS OF REENGINEERING During our dissertation work we have concluded the following key points of software reengineering: The objective of reengineering is to improve the structure of the system to make it easier to understand and to maintain. Source code translation is the automated conversion of the program written in one language to another language. Reverse engineering is the process of extract the system design and identification from its source code. Program modularization include regeneration to group connected items. Data reengineering may be necessary because of the inconsistent data management. CODE MIGRATION STRATEGIES: C++ TO JAVA In this chapter we will discuss about various efforts which are used by us during analysis of C++ to java conversion using Tangible Software Solution Inc converter. To validate Tangible Software Solution Inc approach, we conclude several case studies by selecting typical C++ source code for migration in java language. We also analyzed that readability of java language developed manually is very easy than original C++ code but readability of java converted code by this tool is not perfect because its Line of Code (LOC) is too large in comparison to original C++ source code as well as manually java converted code. During the conversion from C++ source code into java code, we wrote a lot of C++ programs in last chapter. We wrote various types of C++ programs as a regression test suite to test aspects of transliteration. To validate the correctness of real program, we chose a stand-alone monopoly Air-ticket software package. We choose C++ to Java migration because we know that java language become an accepted standard for wide range of development needs now-a-days. Software as well as web developer found it necessary to convert the applications they have written in older programming language such as C++ to Java. There are various language conversion tools like Tangible Software Solution Inc, C2J++, Ephedra etc. Novosoft’s C2J++ converts a given C++ code to its equivalent java classes while other given tool converts any given C++ source code into java code. With the help of these tools it is possible to convert any C ++ code into java code and this conversion with the help of these tools is not very difficult. If any software developer uses these tools then he/she can save both time as well as resources. He/she can get a project done rapid and without retaining someone to rewrite an application, which is the last option, if the reengineering cost is too large. We can also choose to rewrite or to re develop if the number of the faulty components (objects) is more than 50%. A tangible software solution Inc converter translates a C++ code to a java code or java classes. The amount of time it takes to translate the given C++ source code into java code depends on numbers of factors including your hardware as well as size of the original C++ source code. Expected conversion is not directly proportional to Line of Code (LOC) used to develop C++ code but it depends on the nature of C++ program. For the large applications we expect that the conversion time of Tangible software solution Inc tool is about two minutes. Now we will discuss about the conversion of various type of C++ program into java and what type of difficulties have came during conversion with the help of Tangible software solution Inc conversion tool. We will also discuss these criteria with the help of some case studies base on C++ to java conversion as follows: PROGRAM STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT Whenever we decided to reengineer given software instead of maintenance, we have the following improvement in the structure of this software: Maintenance moves to corrupt the structure of a program. It becomes difficult and difficult to understand. Program may be axiomatically restructured to eliminate unconditional branches. The conditions may be cleared to make them more comprehensible. The conditions may be simplified as follows: Complex condition given by following expression: If not ( A>B and (CF))) And the simplified condition may be expressed as: If ( A = D or E > F) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C++ JAVA The major difference between C++ and Java is the hardware platform for which these programming languages are compiled. C++ programs are usually compiled to the native machine language of a computer, while Java programs are compiled by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), a virtual hardware platform running on top of a concrete hardware platform. The JVM checks all type conversions and storage accesses for their safety and security and imposes conservative restrictions on these operations. All C and C++ compilers implement a stage of compilation known as the preprocessor. The preprocessor basically performs an intelligentsearch and replace on identifiers that have been declared using the #define or#typedef directives. Java does not have a preprocessor. Constant data members are used in place of the #define directive and class definitions are used in lieu of the #typedef directive, however there is no substitute for macros, which canbe useful. The Java approach to defining constants and namingtypes of data structures is probably conceptually simpler for the programmer.Java will bounds check arrays toprevent this from happening, of course with alittle extra runtime cost. QUALITY OF GENERATED CODE Whenever we convert a C++ source code to a java code with the help of Tangible software solution Inc converter or manually then we see that the quality of generated code improved definitely. We also analyzed the converted code with respect to its readability and performance of newly converted code. However Tangible software solution Inc tool is unable to convert the whole given software developed in the C++ language into java code at a time but it is suitable to convert a given C++ code to equivalent java classes and after doing some manual work on these converted java classes with the help of Tangible software solution Inc conversion tool, we can found the resultant java code. We also analyzed that this code is more maintainable in comparison to given original C++ source code. The most important feature of java language is that it is totally platform independent language while C++ language does not have this feature. If any software/program code is platform independent it means it c an run on any system having different operating system that is if any java code is developed using window operating system then it can also run on different systems having different operating systems such like Linux as well as UNIX operating system easily. There are following main factors which are improved after conversion: Readability Conformance and integration Performance Readability If we take out a subjective point of view then code generated by Ephedra conversion tool having less manual work in comparison to its competitor for large scale automated translation of source code by Tangible software solution Inc, but main problem related to Ephedra is its availability. Ephedra is not open source code so mainly is not used for academics. Before using this tool we have to need its license so we decided to do our work with Tangible software solution Inc conversion tool which is open source software. However we converted our project developed in C++ language into java language with the help of this tool but actually we have not been able to gather any final result without some manual work on this generated code. Conformance and Integration To integrate the large volume of the source code written in C++ into the java program is the primary goal of Ephedra but it is very difficult with the help of Tangible software solution Inc because Tangible software solution Inc translator storage management scheme is incompatible with that regular java programs. The main reason is that Tangible software solution Inc does not use regular java data types and classes. So the generated code does not provide the interface with manually written java source code. On the other hand Ephedra uses the regular java data types and classes. So, the generated code provides the interface with manually written java source code. We should have remembered that arrays and the pointers are the part of interfaces to the generated code. So, the software reengineers should have a basic knowledge of Ephedra but a deep knowledge is not required if he/ she dies not work with it. A software engineer can also add the required functionality after reviewing the source code to ensure that the desired effects are achieved. Performance The performance of a tool also depends on the pointer mapping scheme used as explained above. The code converted using the first mapping scheme was about 5 times slower than the original C++ code for spring algorithm and about 10 times slower for Sugiyama algorithm. With the help of our translation code we conclude that the experiments on the second mapping scheme produced code that run about 30% faster than code produced with the first mapping scheme.

Big data analysis Essay

THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE Some of the best-performing retailers are using analytics not just for finance and operational activities, but to boost competitive advantage on everything from displays, to marketing, customer service and customer experience management. Big Data, Analytics and the Path From Insights toValue How the smartest organizations are embedding analytics to transform information into insight and then action. Findings and recommendations from the first annual New Intelligent Enterprise Global Executive study. BY STEVE LAVALLE, ERIC LESSER, REBECCA SHOCKLEY, MICHAEL S. HOPKINS AND NINA KRUSCHWITZ IN EVERY INDUSTRY, in every part of the world, senior leaders wonder whether they are getting full value from the massive amounts of information they already have within their organizations. New technologies are collecting more data than ever before, yet many organizations are still looking for better ways to obtain value from their data and compete in the marketplace. Their questions about how best to achieve value persist. Are competitors obtaining sharper, more timely insights? Are they able to regain market advantage, neglected while focusing on expenses during the past two years? Are they correctly interpreting new signals from the global economy — and adequately assessing the impact on their customers and partners? Knowing what happened and why it happened are no longer adequate. Organizations need to know what is happening now, what is likely to happen next and what actions should be taken to get the optimal results. COURTESY OF BEST BUY THE LEADING QUESTION How are organizations using analytics to gain insight and guide action? FINDINGS Top-performingorganizations are twice as likely to apply analytics to activities. Thebiggest challenges in adopting analytics are managerial and cultural. V isualizing data differently will become increasingly valuable. WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 21 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE ABOUT THE RESEARCH To understand the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of business analytics, MIT Sloan Management Review, in collaboration with the IBM Institute for Business Value, conducted a survey of more than 3,000 business executives, managers and analysts from organizations located around the world. The survey captured insights from individuals in 108 countries and more than 30 industries and involved organizations from a variety of sizes. The sample was drawn from a number of different sources, including MIT alumni and MIT Sloan Management Review subscribers, IBM clients and other interested parties. We also interviewed academic experts and subject matter experts from a number of industries and disciplines to understand the practical issues facing organizations today. Their insights contributed to a richer understanding of the data and the development of recommendations that respond to strategic and tactical questions that senior executives address as they operationalize analytics within their organizations. We also drew upon a number of IBM case studies to explore further how organizations are leveraging business analytics and illuminate how real organizations are putting our recommendations into action in different organizational settings. To help organizations understand the opportunity of information and advanced analytics, MIT Sloan Management Review partnered with the IBM Institute for Business Value to conduct a survey of nearly 3,000 executives, managers and analysts working across more than 30 industries and 100 countries. (See â€Å"About the Research. †) Among our key findings: Top-performing organizations use analytics five times more than lower performers. (See â€Å"Analytics Trumps Intuition. †) Overall, our survey found a widespread belief that analytics offers value. Half of our respondents said that improvement of information and analytics was a top priority in their organizations. And more than one in five said they were under intense or significant pressure to adopt advanced information and analytics approaches. The source of the pressure is not hard to ascertain. Six out of 10 respondents cited innovating to achieve competitive differentiation as a top business challenge. The same percentage also agreed that their organization has more data than it can use effectively. Organizational leaders want analytics to exploit their growing data and computational power to get smart, and get innovative, in ways they never could before. Senior executives now want businesses run on data-driven decisions. They want scenarios and simulations that provide immediate guidance on the best actions to take when disruptions occur — disruptions ranging from unexpected competitors or an earthquake in a supply zone to a customer signaling a desire to switch providers. Executives want to understand optimal solutions based on complex business parameters or new information, and they want to take action quickly. These expectations can be met — but with a caveat. For analytics-driven insights to be consumed — that is, to trigger new actions across the organization — they must be closely linked to business strategy, easy for end-users to understand and embedded into organizational processes so that action can be taken at the right time. That is no small task. It requires painstaking focus on the way insights are infused into everything from manufacturing and new product development to credit approvals and call center interactions. 22 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 Top Performers Say Analytics Is a Differentiator Our study clearly connects performance and the competitive value of analytics. We asked respondents to assess their organization’s competitive position. Those who selected â€Å"substantially outperform industry peers† were identified as top performers, while those who selected â€Å"somewhat or substantially underperform industry peers† were grouped as lower performers. We found that organizations that strongly agreed that the use of business information and analytics differentiates them within their industry were twice as likely to be top performers as lower performers. Top performers approach business operations differently than their peers do. Specifically, they put analytics to use in the widest possible range of decisions, large and small. They were twice as likely to use analytics to guide future strategies, and twice as likely to use insights to guide day-to-day operations. (See â€Å"The Analytics Habits of Top Performers,† p. 24. ) They make decisions based on rigorous analysis at more than double the rate of lower performers. The correlation between performance and analyticsdriven management has important implications to organizations, whether they are seeking growth, efficiency or competitive differentiation. Three Levels of Capabilities Emerged, Each with Distinct Opportunities Organizations that know where they are in terms of analytics adoption are better prepared to turn challenges into opportunities. We segmented respondents based on how they rated their organization’s analytics prowess, specifically how thoroughly their organizations had been transformed by better uses of analytics and information. Three levels of analytics capability emerged — Aspirational, Experienced and Transformed — each with clear distinctions. (See â€Å"The Three Stages of Analytics Adoption. †) Aspirational. These organizations are the furthest from achieving their desired analytical goals. Often they are focusing on efficiency or automation of existing processes and searching for ways to cut costs. Aspirational organizations currently have SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU few of the necessary building blocks — people, processes or tools — to collect, understand, incorporate or act on analytic insights. Experienced. Having gained some analytic experience — often through successes with efficiencies at the Aspirational phase — these organizat ions are lo oking to go b e yond cost management. Experienced organizations are developing better ways to collect, incorporate and act on analytics effectively so they can begin to optimize their organizations. Transformed. These organizations have substantial experience using analytics across a broad range of functions. They use analytics as a competitive differentiator and are already adept at organizing people, processes and tools to optimize and differentiate. Transformed organizations are less focused on cutting costs than Aspirational and Experienced organizations, possibly having already automated their operations through effective use of insights. They are most focused on driving customer profitability and making targeted investments in niche analytics as they keep pushing the organizational envelope. Transformed organizations were three times more likely than Aspirational organizations to indicate that they substantially outperform their industry peers. This performance advantage illustrates the potential rewards of higher levels of analytics adoption. Information Must Become Easier to Understand and Act Upon Executives want better ways to communicate complex insights so they can quickly absorb the meaning of the data and take action. Over the next two years, executives say they will focus on supplementing standard historical reporting with emerging approaches that make information come alive. These include data visualization and process simulation as well as text and voice analytics, social media analysis and other predictive and prescriptive techniques. New tools like these can make insights easier to understand and to act on at every point in an organization, and at every skill level. They transform numbers into information and insights that can be readily put to use, versus having to rely on further interpretation or leaving them to languish due to uncertainty about how to act. ANALYTICS TRUMPS INTUITION The tendency for top-performing organizations to apply analytics to particular activities across the organization compared with lower performers. A likelihood of 1. 0 indicates an equal likelihood that the organizations will use either analytics or intuition. Tendency to Apply Tendency to Apply Intuition Analytics Financial management and budgeting Data Is Not the Biggest Obstacle Despite popular opinion, getting the data right is not a top challenge that organizations face when adopting analytics. Only about one out of five respondents cited concern with data quality or ineffective data governance as a primary obstacle. The adoption barriers that organizations face most are managerial and cultural rather than related to data and technology. The leading obstacle to widespread analytics adoption is lack of understanding of how to use analytics to improve the business, according to almost four of 10 respondents. More than one in three cite lack of management bandwidth due to competing priorities. (See â€Å"The Impediments to Becoming More Data Driven. †) Strategy and business development Sales and marketing Customer service Product research and development Top Performers Lower Performers General management Risk management Customer experience management Brand or market management Work force planning and allocation Overall Average 0 SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU 22. 1 Operations and production 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 23 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE What Leaders Can Do to Make Analytics Pay Off — A New Methodology It takes big plans followed by discrete actions to gain the benefits of analytics. But it also takes some very specific management approaches. Based on data from our survey, our engagement experience, case studies and interviews with experts, we have been able to identify a new, five-point methodology for successfully implementing analytics-driven management and for rapidly creating value. The recommendations that follow are designed to help organizations understand this â€Å"new path to value† and how to travel it. While each recommendation presents different pieces of the information-and-analytics value puzzle, each one meets all of these three critical management needs: Reduced time to value. Value creation can be achieved early in an organization’s progress to THE ANALYTICS HABITS OF TOP PERFORMERS Top-performing organizations were twice as likely to use analytics to guide day-to-day operations and future strategies as lower performers. THE THREE STAGES OF ANALYTICS ADOPTION Three capability levels — Aspirational, Experienced and Transformed — were based on how respondents rated their organization’s analytic prowess. ASPIRATIONAL EXPERIENCED TRANSFORMED Motive †¢Use analytics to justify actions †¢Use analytics to guide actions †¢ se analytics to prescribe actions U Functional proficiency †¢Financial management and budgeting †¢Operations and production †¢Sales and marketing †¢All Aspirational functions †¢Strategy/business development †¢Customer service †¢Product research/development †¢ ll Aspirational and Experienced A functions †¢Risk management †¢Customer experience †¢Work force planning/allocation †¢General management †¢Brand and market management Business challenges †¢ ompetitive differentiation through C innovation †¢Cost efficiency (primary) †¢Revenue growth (secondary) †¢ ompetitive differentiation through C innovation †¢Revenue growth (primary) †¢Cost efficiency (secondary) †¢ ompetitive differentiation through C innovation †¢Revenue growth (primary) †¢ rofitability acquiring/retaining P customers (targeted focus) Key obstacles †¢ ack of understanding how to leverage L analytics for business value †¢Executive sponsorship †¢ ulture does not encourage sharing C information †¢ ack of understanding how to leverage L analytics for business value †¢Skills within line of business †¢ wnership of data is unclear or O governance is ineffective †¢ ack of understanding how to leverage L analytics for business value †¢ anagement bandwidth due to M competing priorities †¢Accessibility of the data Data management †¢ imited ability to capture, aggregate, L analyze or share information and insights †¢ oderate ability to capture, aggregate M and analyze data †¢ imited ability to share information and L insights †¢ trong ability to capture, aggregate and S analyze data †¢ ffective at sharing information and E insights Analytics in action †¢ arely use rigorous approaches to R make decisions †¢ imited use of insights to guide future L strategies or day-to-day operations †¢ ome use of rigorous approaches to S make decisions †¢ rowing use of insights to guide future G strategies, but still limited use of insights to guide day-to-day operations †¢ ost use rigorous approaches to make M decisions †¢ lmost all use insights to guide future A strategies, and most use insights to guide day-to-day operations 24 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU analytics sophistication. Contrary to common assumptions, it doesn’t require the presence of perfect data or a full-scale organizational transformation. Increased likelihood of transformation that’s both significant and enduring. The emerging methodology we’ve identified enables and inspires lasting change (strategic and cultural) by tactically overcoming the most significant organizational impediments. Greater focus on achievable steps. The approach used by the smartest companies is powerful in part because each step enables leaders to focus their efforts and resources narrowly rather than implementing universal changes — making every step easier to accomplish with an attractive ROI. Whether pursuing the best channel strategy, the best customer experience, the best portfolio or the best process innovation, organizations embracing this approach will be first in line to gain business advantage from analytics. have repeatedly heard that analytics aligned to a significant organizational challenge makes it easier to overcome a wide range of obstacles. Respondents cited many challenges, and none can be discounted or minimized: Executive sponsorship of analytics projects, data quality and access, governance, skills and culture all matter and need to be addressed in time. But when overtaken by the momentum of a single big idea and potentially game-changing insight, obstacles like these get swept into the wake of change rather than drowning the effort. THE IMPEDIMENTS TO BECOMING MORE DATA DRIVEN The adoption barriers organizations face most are managerial and cultural rather than related to data and technology. Lack of understanding of how to use analytics to improve the business Lack of management bandwidth due to competing priorities Lack of skills internally in the line of business Ability to get the data [RECOMMENDATION 1 ] First,Think Biggest Existing culture does not encourage sharing information Focus on the biggest and highestvalue opportunities Does attacking the biggest challenge carry the biggest risk of failure? Paradoxically, no — because big problems command attention and incite action. And as survey participants told us, management bandwidth is a top challenge. When a project’s stakes are big, top management gets invested and the best talent seeks to get involved. It’s extraordinarily hard for people to change from making decisions based on personal experience to making them from data — especially when that data counters the prevailing common wisdom. But upsetting the status quo is much easier when everyone can see how it could contribute to a major goal. With a potential big reward in sight, a significant effort is easier to justify, and people across functions and levels are better able to support it. Conversely, don’t start doing analytics without strategic business direction, as those efforts are likely to stall. Not only does that waste resources, it risks creating widespread skepticism about the real value of analytics. In our discussions with business executives, we SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU Ownership of data is unclear or governance is ineffective Lack of executive sponsorship Concerns with the data Perceived costs outweigh projected benefits No case for change Respondents were asked to select three obstacles to the widespread adoption of analytics in their organization. Don’t know where to start 0 10% 20% 30% 40% Percentage of respondents [RECOMMENDATION 2 ] Start in the Middle Within each opportunity, start with questions, not data Organizations traditionally are tempted to start by gathering all available data before beginning their analysis. Too often, this leads to an all-encompassing focus on data management — collecting, cleansing and converting data — that leaves little time, energy or resources to understand its potential uses. Actions taken, if any, might not be the most valuable ones. Instead, organizations should WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 25 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE start in what might seem like the middle of the process, implementing analytics by first defining the insights and questions needed to meet the big business objective and then identifying those pieces of data needed for answers. By defining the desired insights first, organizations can target specific subject areas and use readily available data in the initial analytic models. The insights delivered through these initial models will illuminate gaps in the data infrastructure and business processes. Time that would have been spent cleaning up all data can be redirected toward targeted data needs and specific process improvements that the insights identify, enabling iterations of value. Companies that make data their overriding priority often lose momentum long before the first insight is delivered, frequently because a data-first approach can be perceived as taking too long before generating a financial return. By narrowing the scope of these tasks to the specific subject areas needed to answer key questions, value can be realized more quickly, while the insights are still relevant. Also, organizations that start with the data or process change often end up with unintended consequences — such as data that is not extensible or processes that are ultimately eliminated — that require rework and additional resources to solve. Speeding Insights into Business Operations Compared with other respondents, Transformed organizations are good at data capture. (See â€Å"What Data-Transformed Companies Do. †) Additionally, Transformed organizations are much more adept at WHAT DATA-TRANSFORMED COMPANIES DO Transformed organizations felt more confident in their ability to manage data tasks than Aspirational organizations, which seldom felt their organizations performed those tasks â€Å"very well. † Percent of respondents whose organizations perform these tasks very well. Capture Information Transformed Aspirational 9% Aggregate Information 36% 4X more likely Analyze Information 28% 3% 9X more likely 26 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 Disseminate Information and Insights 34% 4% 8. 5X more likely 21% 2% 10X more likely data management. In these areas, they outpaced Aspirational organizations up to tenfold in their ability to execute. Enterprise processes have many points where analytic insights can boost business value. The operational challenge is to understand where to apply those insights in a particular industry and organization. When a bank customer stops automatic payroll deposits or remittance transfers, for example, who in the organization should be alerted and tasked with finding out whether the customer is changing jobs or planning to switch banks? Where customer satisfaction is low, what insights are needed, and how should they be delivered to prevent defections? To keep the three gears moving together — data, insights and timely actions — the overriding business purpose must always be in view. That way, as models, processes and data are tested, priorities for the next investigation become clear. Data and models get accepted, rejected or improved based on business need. New analytic insights — descriptive, predictive and prescriptive — are embedded into increasing numbers of applications and processes, and a virtuous cycle of feedback and improvement takes hold. [RECOMMENDATION 3 ] Make Analytics Come Alive Embed insights to drive actions and deliver value New methods and tools to embed information into business processes — use cases, analytics solutions, optimization, work flows and simulations — are making insights more understandable and actionable. Respondents identified trend analysis, forecasting and standardized reporting as the most important tools they use today. However, they also identified tools that will have greater value in 24 months. The downswings in â€Å"as-is† methods accompanied by corresponding upswings in â€Å"to-be† methods were dramatic. (See â€Å"Where Are DataDriven Managers Headed? † p. 27. ) Today’s staples are expected to be surpassed in the next 24 months by: 1. Data visualization, such as dashboards and scorecards SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU 2. Simulations and scenario development 3. Analytics applied within business processes 4. Advanced statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, discrete choice modeling and mathematical optimization. Organizations expect the value from these emerging techniques to soar, making it possible for data-driven insights to be used at all levels of the organization. For example, GPS-enabled navigation devices can superimpose real-time traffic patterns and alerts onto navigation maps and suggest the best routes to drivers. Similarly, in oil exploration, three-dimensional renderings combine data from sensors in the field with collaborative and analytical resources accessible across the enterprise. Production engineers can incorporate geological, production and pipeline information into their drilling decisions. Beyond 3-D, animated maps and charts can simulate critical changes in distribution flow or projected changes in consumption and resource availability. In the emerging area of analytics for unstructured data, patterns can be visualized through verbal maps that pictorially represent word frequency, allowing marketers to see how their brands are perceived. Innovative uses of this type of information layering will continue to grow as a means to help individuals across the organization consume and act upon insights derived through complex analytics that would otherwise be hard to piece together. New Techniques and Approaches Transform Insights into Actions New techniques to embed insights will gain in value by generating results that can be readily understood and acted upon:  ¦ Dashboards that now reflect actual last-quarter sales will also show what sales could be next quarter under a variety of different conditions — a new media mix, a price change, a larger sales team, even a major weather or sporting event.  ¦ Simulations evaluating alternative scenarios will automatically recommend optimal approaches — such as the best media mix to introduce a specific product to a specific segment, or the ideal number of sales professionals to assign to a particular new territory.  ¦ Use cases will illustrate how to embed insights into business applications and processes. SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU New methods will also make it possible for decision makers more fully to see their customers’ purchases, payments and interactions. Businesses will be able to listen to customers’ unique wants and needs about channel and product preferences. WHERE ARE DATA-DRIVEN MANAGERS HEADED? Organizations expect that the ability to visualize data differently will be the most valuable technique in two years. Other techniques and activities that are currently delivering the most value today will still be done, but will be of less value. Today In 24 Months Historic trend analysis and forecasting Data visualization Standardized reporting Simulations and scenario development Analytics applied within business processes Data visualization Regression analysis, discrete choice modeling and mathematical optimization Analytics applied within business processes Simulations and scenario development Historic trend analysis and forecasting Clustering and segmentation Clustering and segmentation Regression analysis, discrete choice modeling and mathematical optimization Standardized reporting Respondents were asked to identify the top three analytic techniques creating value for the organization, and predict which three would be creating the most value in 24 months. In fact, making customers, as well as information, come to life within complex organizational systems may well become the biggest benefit of making data-driven insights real to those who need to use them. [RECOMMENDATION 4 ] Add, Don’t Detract Keep existing capabilities while adding new ones When executives first realize their need for analytics, they tend to turn to those closest to them for answers. Over time, these point-of-need resources come together in local line of business units to enable sharing of insights. Ultimately, centralized units emerge to bring a shared enterprise perspective — governance, tools, methods — and specialized expertise. As executives use analytics more frequently to inform day-to-day decisions and actions, WINTER 2011 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 27 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE this increasing demand for insights keeps resources at each level engaged, expanding analytic capabilities even as activities are shifted for efficiencies. (See â€Å"How Analytics Capabilities Grow with Adoption. †) Sophisticated modeling and visualization tools, as noted, will soon provide greater business value than ever before. But that does not mean that spreadsheets and charts should go away. On the contrary: New tools should supplement earlier ones or continue to be used side by side as needed. That lesson applies to plines. (See â€Å"How Analytics Propagates Across Functions. †) In Transformed organizations, reusability creates a snowball effect, as models from one function are repurposed into another with minimal modifications. Over time, data-driven decision making branches out across the organization. As experience and usage grow, the value of analytics increases, which enables business benefits to accrue more quickly. Add Value with an Enterprise Analytics Unit HOW ANALYTICS CAPABILITIES GROW WITH ADOPTION The frequency with which analytics is used to support decisions increases as organizations transition from one level of analytic capability to the next. At the same time, analytics migrate toward more centralized units, first at the local line of business level and then at the enterprise level, while the portion of analytics performed at points of need and with IT remain stable. Percent using analytics frequently Where analytics performed 100% 80% Centralized analytic units 60% Line of business analytic units 40% 20% At point of need IT department 0% Aspirational Experienced Transformed nearly every way that analytics capabilities should be nurtured as an organization becomes more ambitious about becoming data driven: The process needs to be additive. As analytics capabilities are added upstream at increasingly central levels of management, existing capabilities at point of need shouldn’t be subtracted. Nor should they be transplanted to central locations. As new capabilities come on board, existing ones should continue to be supported. There are other ways that capabilities grow and deepen within an organization. Disciplines like finance and supply chain are inherently data intensive and are often where analytics first take root. Encouraged by early successes, organizations begin expanding analytic decision making to more disci28 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2011 Organizations that first experience the value of analytics in discrete business units or functions are likely soon to seek a wider range of capabilities — and more advanced use of existing ones. A centralized analytics unit, often called either a center of excellence or center of competency, makes it possible to share analytic resources efficiently and effectively. It does not, however, replace distributed and localized capabilities; rather, the central unit is additive, built upon existing capabilities that may have already developed in functions, departments and lines of business. We found that 63% more Transformed organizations than Aspirational organizations use a centralized enterprise unit as the primary source of analytics. A centralized analytics unit can provide a home for more advanced skills to come together within the organization, providing both advanced models and enterprise governance through establishing priorities and standards by these practices:  ¦ Advance standard methods for identifying business problems to be solved with analytics.  ¦ Facilitate identification of analytic business needs while driving rigor into methods for embedding insights into end-to-end processes.  ¦ Promote enterprise-level governance on prioritization, master data sources and reuse to capture enterprise efficiencies.  ¦ Standardize tools and analytic platforms to enable resource sharing, streamline maintenance and reduce licensing expenses. In three distinct areas — application of analytic tools, functional use of analytics and location of skills — we found that adding capabilities without detracting from existing ones offers a fast path to full benefits from analytics-driven management. SLOANREVIEW. MIT. EDU [RECOMMENDATION 5 ] Build the Parts, Plan the Whole Use an information agenda to plan for the future Big data is getting bigger. Information is coming from instrumented, interconnected supply chains transmitting real-time data about fluctuations in everything from market demand to the weather. Additionally, strategic information has started arriving through unstructured digital channels: social media, smart phone applica